Mod 2 Anatomy Flashcards
Where does the Median Umbilical fold extend from?
Apex of Urinary bladder to umbilicas covers median umbilical ligament
What is the Median umbilical ligament?
Worked with fetal bladder from umbilicus to apex
A fibrous cord that connects the urinary bladder to the umbilicus (navel)
What is formed by occluded parts of umbilical arteries?
Medial umbilical folds
What vessles are associated wiht the lateral umbilcal folds?
Inferior epigastric vessles
What do the Inferior epigastric vessles supple?
From External iliac, Supplies External Genitalia, and anterolateral abdominal wall
Inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s triangle) is a region in the anterior abdominal wall. It is alternatively known as the medial inguinal fossa.
What are the boarders and contents?
Medial – lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle.
Lateral – inferior epigastric vessels.
Inferior – inguinal ligament.
No major contents but Marks WEAKNESS!
The contents of the inguinal canal include? (Males and females?)
Spermatic cord (biological males only)
Round ligament (biological females only)
What 2 major nerves run in the ingunal cannal
Ilioinguinal nerve, Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve – supplies, and root?
Cremaster muscle, anterior scrotal skin in males, and the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females (L1-2)
What are the Rings of the Canal (Inguinal)
Two openings- deep (internal) and superficial (external)
What ring marks the opening of Canal?
Deep (internal) ring:
Marks the internal opening of the inguinal canal
What ring marks the End of Canal?
Superficial (external) ring:
Marks the external end of the inguinal canal
Inguinal Canal Boundaries?
Anterior wall – aponeurosis of the external oblique, reinforced by the internal oblique muscle laterally.
Posterior wall – transversalis fascia.
Roof – transversalis fascia, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis.
Floor – inguinal ligament - thickened medially by the lacunar ligament.
iliopubic tract -?
Band of transversalis fascia deep to Inguinal ring
What runs deep to iliopubic tract?
Femoral nerve, Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Ilioinguinal nerve Motor and sensory?
Motor: Internal Obliquem
Sensory: Scrotum and root of penis to Labium Majus
Deep fibers passing posterior (Thinking Inguinal) are? Forms (Medial Boundary)
Lacunar Ligament
The deep ring is located where in relation to the inf, epigastric Vessles?
Lateral to inferior epigastric
Of the Superficial ring (Which end?) What attaches to pubic tubercle? and What pubic crest?
External end
Tubercle- Lateral Crus
Crest- Medual Crus
What contains the portal triad?
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
What are the ligaments of the lesser omentum?
Hepato(Duodenal) & (Gastric)
What makes up the portal triad?
Portal vein, Hepatic artery, Common bile duct
What makes up the portal vein?
superior and inferior mesenteric veins, the splenic vein,
Once formed, the hepatic portal vein has a few direct tributaries including the ??
left and right gastric veins, cystic veins,
What are the 3 constriction sites of esophagus?
Cervical (Upper Esophageal)
Thoracic (Broncho-aortic)
Diaphragmatic (Esophageal Hiatus)
What are the vetebral levels of Esophagus?
C6-T11
Esophagus is part of what Mediastinum?
superior mediastinum
The lower oesophageal sphincter is located at the ? and What level?
gastro-oesophageal junction
T11 vertebra,
The thoracic part of the oesophagus receives its arterial supply from the branches of the ?
thoracic aorta and the inferior thyroid artery
The abdominal oesophagus is supplied by the ?
left gastric artery
left inferior phrenic artery.
What are the anterior relations of the Stomach?
Diaphragm, Left Lobe of Liver, Ant abdominal wall
What are the Posterior relations of the Stomach?
Omental Bursa, Pancreas
What are the Inferior relations of the Stomach?
Transverse Colon
Stomach relations ALL dem?
Diaprahm, L Lobe Liver, Pancreas, Omental Bursa, Transverse colon
What supplies the Lesser Curvature of stomach?
R, L Gastric Arteries
What supplies the Greater Curvature of stomach?
R, L Gastroomental (Gastroepiploic)
What supplies the Fundus of stomach?
Short, Posterior Gastric A’s
Nerve Supply stomach? (Para)
Ant/ Post Vagal Trunk (Through Esophageal Hiatus)
Nerve Supply stomach? (Symp)
Greater Splanchnic (T6-9)
The first part of the Duodenum… Superior
Spinal Level
Mjr Ligament associated
What type of peritoneium
(Spinal level L1)
Connected to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament.
visceral peritoneum, with the remainder retroperitoneal (only covered anteriorly
The Second part of the Duodenum… Descending
Spinal Level
Curves around what Organ Inferiorly?
Lies Posterior to?
Anterior to?
Major area is marked by what? and what is it?
(L1-L3)
curves inferiorly around the head of the pancreas.
Posteriorly to the transverse colon
Anterior to the right kidney.
Major duodenal papilla – the opening at which bile and pancreatic secretions to enter from the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla).
The Third part of the Duodenum… Inferior
Spinal level?
Crosses over?
Inferior to what organ?
Posterior to what Mjr A.V?
(L3)
Crosses over the inferior vena cava and aorta.
It is located inferiorly to the pancreas,
Posteriorly to the superior mesenteric artery and vein.
The Fourth part of the Duodenum… Ascending
Spinal Level
What flexure ius here? and what does it open into?
What Muscle is associated with this area? (Alternate Name)
(L3-L2)
Duodenojejunal flexure/ Juncion
Suspensory muscle (Treitz) of the duodenum. Contraction of this muscle widens the angle of the flexure
The _________ represents the separation between the small and large intestine. Its main function is to prevent the reflux of enteric fluid from the colon into the small intestine.
ileocaecal valve
Arteries of SM intestines (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ilium)
RESOURCE BOOK
The Superior part of the duodenum ascends? and is overlapped by?
Ascends from Pylorus
Overlapped by Liver and Gallbladder
The Descending part of the duodenum runs? Where in relation to IVC?
Runs inferior curving around Head of Pancereas
Right to IVC
The Horozontal/ Inferior part of the duodenum; Passes over, and is crossed by? at what vetebral level?
Passes over IVC, Crossed by Sup Mes A and V At L3
What are retroperitoneal organs?
S: suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A: aorta/IVC
D: duodenum (second, third and fourth parts)
P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys
E: (o)esophagus
R: rectum
What is the arterial supply of the appendix and Cecum?
Appendix- Appendicular artery (from Iliocolic)
Cecum - Iliocolic Artery
What is the nerve supply to appendix and Cecum?
Cecum: Superior Mesenteric Plexus
Appendix: Superior Mesenteric, and T10 Branches to Lesser Splanchnic
