Mod3Anatomy

Question 1

What are the boarders of the Superior mediastinum?

Answer 1

Superior: Thoracic outlet superiorly

Inferior: Sternal Angle

Anterior – Manubrium of the sternum.

Posterior – Vertebral bodies of T1-4.

Lateral – Pleurae of the lungs.

Question 2

What are the Contents of the Superior mediastinum? (Organs and Arteries)

Answer 2

Organs: thymus, trachea, esophagus

Arteries: aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Question 3

What Muscles are connected to the Superior mediastinum?

Answer 3

Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles

Question 4

What are the Contents of the Superior mediastinum? (Vein and Nerves)

Answer 4

Veins and lymphatics: superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, the arch of the azygos, thoracic duct

Nerves: left and right vagus, recurrent laryngeal, cardiac, left and right phrenic nerves

Question 5

What are the boarders of the Anterior mediastinum?

Answer 5

Lateral borders: Mediastinal pleura

Anterior border: Body of the sternum and the transversus thoracis muscles.

Posterior border: Pericardium.

Roof: Continuous with the superior mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle.

Floor: Diaphragm.

Question 6

What are the Contents of the Anterior mediastinum? (Organs and Arteries)

Answer 6

Organs: thymus

Arteries: internal thoracic branches

Question 7

What mediastinum is the sternopericardial ligaments located in?

Answer 7

Anterior mediastinum

Question 8

Which mediastinum has no nerve contents?

Answer 8

Anterior mediastinum

Question 9

What are the boarders of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 9

Lateral: Mediastinal pleura

Anterior: Pericardium.

Posterior: T5-T12 vertebrae.

Roof: Imaginary line extending between the sternal angle (the angle formed by the junction of the sternal body and manubrium) and the T4 vertebrae.

Floor: Diaphragm.

Question 10

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum? (Organ and Arteriel)

Answer 10

Organs: esophagus, Thoracic duct

Arteries: descending thoracic aorta, Bronchial, Posterior Intercostals, Superior Phrenic

Question 11

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum? (Vein and nerve)

Answer 11

Veins and lymphatics: azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct

Nerves: vagus, splanchnic, sympathetic chain (Thoracic)

Question 12

The middle mediastinum is bordered by ??

Answer 12

Anterior: Anterior margin of the pericardium.

Posterior: Posterior border of the pericardium.

Laterally: Mediastinal pleura of the lungs.

Superiorly: Imaginary line extending between the sternal angle (the angle formed by the junction of the sternal body and manubrium) and the T4 vertebrae.

Inferiorly: Superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 13

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum? (Organ and Artery)

Answer 13

Organs: the heart and its great vessel roots, trachea and main bronchi

Arteries: ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pericardiacophrenic arteries

Question 14

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum? (Vein and Nerve)

Answer 14

Veins and lymphatics: superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, pericardiacophrenic veins

Nerves: phrenic, vagus, sympathetics

Question 15

The anterior thoracic mediastinum contains the _______ muscles, an accessory muscle of expiration.

Answer 15

Transversus thoracis

Question 16

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Answer 16

The carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve

Question 17

What are the tribituaries of the Great Cardiac Vein?

Answer 17

Left Marginal, Ventricular, artialm Oblique

Question 18

What are the tribituaries of the Coronoary Sinus?

Answer 18

Great/ Middle/ Small Cardiac Veins, Posterior vein of L Vent, Oblique vein of L Atrium, L Marginal

Question 19

Where is the Superficial Cardiac Plexus located?

Answer 19

Inferior to aortic arch, anterior to pulmonary trunk

Question 20

Where is the Deep Cardiac Plexus Located?

Answer 20

Posterior to aortic arch, anterior trachea (Tracheal bifurcation)

Question 21

Trachea spans from?

Answer 21

The lower border of the cricoid cartilage to its bifurcation into the left and right main bronchi. (C6-T5)

Question 22

Pathway of the Right Vagus nerve? (as it enters the thorax)

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata in the brainstem.

STA

Passes anterior to the subclavian artery and posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax.

Question 23

What is the pathway of the Right recurrent laryngeal nerve ?

Answer 23

Hooks underneath the right subclavian artery

Ascends towards to the larynx.

It innervates the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

Question 24

Pathway of the Left Vagus nerve? (as it enters the thorax)

Answer 24

Medulla oblongata in the brainstem.

STA

Passes inferiorly between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax.

Question 25

In the thorax, the right and left vagus nerve forms the ???

Answer 25

Right posterior vagal trunk left forms the anterior vagal trunk.

Question 26

The esophageal hiatus is located ? What passes through ?

Answer 26

T10 Esophagus and the vagus nerve L. Gatsric A/V

Question 27

The Caval hiatus is located ? What passes through ?

Answer 27

IVC T8 Right phrenic nerve

Question 28

The Aortic hiatus is located ? What passes through ?

Answer 28

Aorta, Azygos, and Thoracic duct at T12

Question 29

What are the Pericardial ligaments?

Answer 29

Superior sternopericardial ligament Inferior sternopericardial ligament Phrenicopericardial ligaments (Central tendon continuation)

Question 30

What are the nerves of the cavernous sinus ?

Answer 30

oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), ophthalmic nerve (V1), maxillary nerve (V2), abducens nerve (CN VI),

Question 31

What is the coronary ligament?

Answer 31

Reflected peritoneium attaching Sup/Poster part of Livers R Lobe to the diaphragm

Question 32

what muscles are innervated by oculomotor nerve?

Answer 32

Superior rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Inferior oblique muscle

Question 33

What vetebral levels is the Superior Cardiac plexus?

Answer 33

C1-4

Question 34

What vetebral levels is the Middle Cardiac plexus?

Answer 34

C5-6

Question 35

What vetebral levels is the Inferior Cardiac plexus?

Answer 35

C7-T1

Question 36

Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus vetebral level?

Answer 36

T1-5

Question 37

What is the pathway of the right vagus?

Answer 37

Out Jugular foramen Within carotid (Between common carotid and internal jug Anterior to R. Subclavian STA Post to Superior Vena Cava Posterior to right Bronchus (Pulmonary and Cardiac plexus Branches) Posterior Esophageal Plexus Passes through Esophageal Hiatus as? (Posterior Vagal trunk) Posterior to somach

Question 38

What is the pathway of the Left vagus?

Answer 38

Out Jugular foramen Within carotid (Between common carotid and internal jug STA Anterior to Arch of Aorta Posterior to Left Pulmonary Artery Posterior to left Bronchus (Pulmonary and Cardiac plexus Branches) Anterior Esophageal Plexus Passes through Esophageal Hiatus as? (Anterior Vagal trunk) Anterior to somach