Mod3Anatomy Flashcards
What are the boarders of the Superior mediastinum?
Superior: Thoracic outlet superiorly
Inferior: Sternal Angle
Anterior – Manubrium of the sternum.
Posterior – Vertebral bodies of T1-4.
Lateral – Pleurae of the lungs.
What are the Contents of the Superior mediastinum? (Organs and Arteries)
Organs: thymus, trachea, esophagus
Arteries: aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
What Muscles are connected to the Superior mediastinum?
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
What are the Contents of the Superior mediastinum? (Vein and Nerves)
Veins and lymphatics: superior vena cava, brachiocephalic veins, the arch of the azygos, thoracic duct
Nerves: left and right vagus, recurrent laryngeal, cardiac, left and right phrenic nerves
What are the boarders of the Anterior mediastinum?
Lateral borders: Mediastinal pleura
Anterior border: Body of the sternum and the transversus thoracis muscles.
Posterior border: Pericardium.
Roof: Continuous with the superior mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle.
Floor: Diaphragm.
What are the Contents of the Anterior mediastinum? (Organs and Arteries)
Organs: thymus
Arteries: internal thoracic branches
What mediastinum is the sternopericardial ligaments located in?
Anterior mediastinum
Which mediastinum has no nerve contents?
Anterior mediastinum
What are the boarders of the posterior mediastinum?
Lateral: Mediastinal pleura
Anterior: Pericardium.
Posterior: T5-T12 vertebrae.
Roof: Imaginary line extending between the sternal angle (the angle formed by the junction of the sternal body and manubrium) and the T4 vertebrae.
Floor: Diaphragm.
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum? (Organ and Arteriel)
Organs: esophagus, Thoracic duct
Arteries: descending thoracic aorta, Bronchial, Posterior Intercostals, Superior Phrenic
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum? (Vein and nerve)
Veins and lymphatics: azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct
Nerves: vagus, splanchnic, sympathetic chain (Thoracic)
The middle mediastinum is bordered by ??
Anterior: Anterior margin of the pericardium.
Posterior: Posterior border of the pericardium.
Laterally: Mediastinal pleura of the lungs.
Superiorly: Imaginary line extending between the sternal angle (the angle formed by the junction of the sternal body and manubrium) and the T4 vertebrae.
Inferiorly: Superior surface of the diaphragm
What are the contents of the middle mediastinum? (Organ and Artery)
Organs: the heart and its great vessel roots, trachea and main bronchi
Arteries: ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, pericardiacophrenic arteries
What are the contents of the middle mediastinum? (Vein and Nerve)
Veins and lymphatics: superior vena cava, pulmonary veins, pericardiacophrenic veins
Nerves: phrenic, vagus, sympathetics
The anterior thoracic mediastinum contains the _______ muscles, an accessory muscle of expiration.
Transversus thoracis
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
The carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve
What are the tribituaries of the Great Cardiac Vein?
Left Marginal, Ventricular, artialm Oblique
What are the tribituaries of the Coronoary Sinus?
Great/ Middle/ Small Cardiac Veins, Posterior vein of L Vent, Oblique vein of L Atrium, L Marginal
Where is the Superficial Cardiac Plexus located?
Inferior to aortic arch, anterior to pulmonary trunk
Where is the Deep Cardiac Plexus Located?
Posterior to aortic arch, anterior trachea (Tracheal bifurcation)
Trachea spans from?
The lower border of the cricoid cartilage to its bifurcation into the left and right main bronchi. (C6-T5)
Pathway of the Right Vagus nerve? (as it enters the thorax)
Medulla oblongata in the brainstem.
STA
Passes anterior to the subclavian artery and posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax.
What is the pathway of the Right recurrent laryngeal nerve ?
Hooks underneath the right subclavian artery
Ascends towards to the larynx.
It innervates the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.
Pathway of the Left Vagus nerve? (as it enters the thorax)
Medulla oblongata in the brainstem.
STA
Passes inferiorly between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, entering the thorax.
In the thorax, the right and left vagus nerve forms the ???
Right posterior vagal trunk
left forms the anterior vagal trunk.
The esophageal hiatus is located ? What passes through ?
T10
Esophagus and the vagus nerve
L. Gatsric A/V
The Caval hiatus is located ? What passes through ?
IVC T8
Right phrenic nerve
The Aortic hiatus is located ? What passes through ?
Aorta, Azygos, and Thoracic duct at T12
What are the Pericardial ligaments?
Superior sternopericardial ligament
Inferior sternopericardial ligament
Phrenicopericardial ligaments (Central tendon continuation)
What are the nerves of the cavernous sinus ?
oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), ophthalmic nerve (V1), maxillary nerve (V2), abducens nerve (CN VI),
What is the coronary ligament?
Reflected peritoneium attaching Sup/Poster part of Livers R Lobe to the diaphragm
what muscles are innervated by oculomotor nerve?
Superior rectus muscle
Medial rectus muscle
Inferior rectus muscle
Inferior oblique muscle
What vetebral levels is the Superior Cardiac plexus?
C1-4
What vetebral levels is the Middle Cardiac plexus?
C5-6
What vetebral levels is the Inferior Cardiac plexus?
C7-T1
Cardiac and Pulmonary Plexus vetebral level?
T1-5
What is the pathway of the right vagus?
Out Jugular foramen
Within carotid (Between common carotid and internal jug
Anterior to R. Subclavian
STA
Post to Superior Vena Cava
Posterior to right Bronchus
(Pulmonary and Cardiac plexus Branches)
Posterior Esophageal Plexus
Passes through Esophageal Hiatus as? (Posterior Vagal trunk)
Posterior to somach
What is the pathway of the Left vagus?
Out Jugular foramen
Within carotid (Between common carotid and internal jug
STA
Anterior to Arch of Aorta
Posterior to Left Pulmonary Artery
Posterior to left Bronchus
(Pulmonary and Cardiac plexus Branches)
Anterior Esophageal Plexus
Passes through Esophageal Hiatus as? (Anterior Vagal trunk)
Anterior to somach
