Mod 4 Physiology Flashcards
HGH increases what type of cell building structures?
Chondrocytes and osteoblasts
What are Chondrocytes?
The cartilage is solely composed of chondrocytes.
Chondrocytes maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM)
GH impacts metabolism primarily by ?
up-regulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1
What is insulin-like growth factor-1 role?
Manage the effects of growth hormone (GH) in your body
Acromegaly is associated with what Hormone?
Too much growth hormone (GH)
What is the difference between Gigantism and Acromegaly?
Gigantism refers to abnormally high linear growth due to excessive action of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood.
Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood.
Growth plate!!
Who gets acromegaly? and who gets gigantism?
Adults develop acromegaly
Whereas children develop.
The _______ Homrones are released from the hypothalamus into the blood and travel to ?? (7)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) somatostatin, and dopamine
are released from the hypothalamus into the blood and travel to the anterior pituitary.
What hormones are released by Ant Pit? “FLAT PeG”
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
prolactin
endorphins
growth hormone (GH).
Endocrine glands lack? and Secrete into?
- Lack ducts
- Secrete products into the interstitial flui
What is the Difference between Endocrine and Neuronal system?
Endocrinal control - Regulated by endocrinal glands
* Anatomically discontinuous
– Hormones transported via blood
* Stimulate second messenger for the communication
* Long term ongoing metabolic activit
Neuronal control
* Regulated by neuron
* Electrical impulses for the
communication
* Quick ands short term responses
What are the 4 mechanisms of Hormonal release?
Neural mechanism
Hormonal
Humoral
Substrate Dependent
What enzyme is a secondary messenger that converts GMP to Cuclic GMP?
Guanylate Cyclase
NO is produced in response to physiological stimuli such as shear stress, and induces relaxation in the cardiovascular system through its modulation of ?? and Results in?
cGMP levels, and consequent regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure.
guanylate cyclase is associated with what hormome
Guanosine cyclic monophosphate
What does the secondary checmical messenger cAMP do?
Converts ATP to AMP
The second messengers and
activation of specific protein
kinases results?
- changes in the activity of the target cell
- characterizes the response that the hormone evokes
Changes evoked by the actions of second messengers are ?
Rapid
What is the difference between Positive and Negative Feedback loops?
Negative feedback:
* One hormone or ions,
nutrient such as BG,
inhibits the release of the
stimulating hormone
Positive feedback:
* Hormone stimulates the
release of the other
hormone
What hormones are water soluble?
Amines (Amino acids)
What are 2 examples of amines (amino acids)
Thyroxine, Catecholamine
What type of hormone binds to cell membranes?
Peptide
Steroids have what base?
Lipid
The overies produce what hormones?
Estrogen
Progesterone
The Pancreas produce what hormones?
Insulin
Glucagon
The Parathyroid gland produce what hormones?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is the function of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Regulates calcium levels in the blood
Response to low blood calcium.
PTH acts on the kidneys
The Cortex of the adrenal glan produces?
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Androgens
The Medulla of the adrenal glan produces?
Catecholamine
(adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.)
All of the (What gland/ Lobe) Bind to membrane receptors and use cyclic AMP as a second messenger
Anterior Lobe of Pitituary gland
Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), TSH Thyroid Stimulating Homrone, ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
What are the hormones secreted by ant Pit gland?
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
TSH Thyroid Stimulating Homrone,
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Posterior Pituitary gland hormones?
(neurohypophysis)
- ADH
- Oxytocin
Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis?
Posterior - neurohypophysis
Anterior - Adenohypophysis
