Mod 4 Physiology

Question 1

HGH increases what type of cell building structures?

Answer 1

Chondrocytes and osteoblasts

Question 2

What are Chondrocytes?

Answer 2

The cartilage is solely composed of chondrocytes.

Chondrocytes maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 3

GH impacts metabolism primarily by ?

Answer 3

up-regulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1

Question 4

What is insulin-like growth factor-1 role?

Answer 4

Manage the effects of growth hormone (GH) in your body

Question 5

Acromegaly is associated with what Hormone?

Answer 5

Too much growth hormone (GH)

Question 6

What is the difference between Gigantism and Acromegaly?

Answer 6

Gigantism refers to abnormally high linear growth due to excessive action of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood.

Acromegaly is the same disorder of IGF-I excess but occurs after the growth plate cartilage fuses in adulthood.

Growth plate!!

Question 7

Who gets acromegaly? and who gets gigantism?

Answer 7

Adults develop acromegaly

Whereas children develop.

Question 8

The _______ Homrones are released from the hypothalamus into the blood and travel to ?? (7)

Answer 8

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) somatostatin, and dopamine

are released from the hypothalamus into the blood and travel to the anterior pituitary.

Question 9

What hormones are released by Ant Pit? “FLAT PeG”

Answer 9

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),

prolactin

endorphins

growth hormone (GH).

Question 10

Endocrine glands lack? and Secrete into?

Answer 10

• Lack ducts
• Secrete products into the interstitial flui

Question 11

What is the Difference between Endocrine and Neuronal system?

Answer 11

Endocrinal control - Regulated by endocrinal glands
* Anatomically discontinuous
– Hormones transported via blood
* Stimulate second messenger for the communication
* Long term ongoing metabolic activit

Neuronal control
* Regulated by neuron
* Electrical impulses for the
communication
* Quick ands short term responses

Question 12

What are the 4 mechanisms of Hormonal release?

Answer 12

Neural mechanism
Hormonal
Humoral
Substrate Dependent

Question 13

What enzyme is a secondary messenger that converts GMP to Cuclic GMP?

Answer 13

Guanylate Cyclase

Question 14

NO is produced in response to physiological stimuli such as shear stress, and induces relaxation in the cardiovascular system through its modulation of ?? and Results in?

Answer 14

cGMP levels, and consequent regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure.

Question 15

guanylate cyclase is associated with what hormome

Answer 15

Guanosine cyclic monophosphate

Question 16

What does the secondary checmical messenger cAMP do?

Answer 16

Converts ATP to AMP

Question 17

The second messengers and
activation of specific protein
kinases results?

Answer 17

• changes in the activity of the target cell
• characterizes the response that the hormone evokes

Question 18

Changes evoked by the actions of second messengers are ?

Answer 18

Rapid

Question 19

What is the difference between Positive and Negative Feedback loops?

Answer 19

Negative feedback:
* One hormone or ions,
nutrient such as BG,
inhibits the release of the
stimulating hormone

Positive feedback:
* Hormone stimulates the
release of the other
hormone

Question 20

What hormones are water soluble?

Answer 20

Amines (Amino acids)

Question 21

What are 2 examples of amines (amino acids)

Answer 21

Thyroxine, Catecholamine

Question 22

What type of hormone binds to cell membranes?

Answer 22

Peptide

Question 23

Steroids have what base?

Answer 23

Lipid

Question 24

The overies produce what hormones?

Answer 24

Estrogen
Progesterone

Question 25

The Pancreas produce what hormones?

Answer 25

Insulin
Glucagon

Question 26

The Parathyroid gland produce what hormones?

Answer 26

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 27

What is the function of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Answer 27

Regulates calcium levels in the blood

Response to low blood calcium.

PTH acts on the kidneys

Question 28

The Cortex of the adrenal glan produces?

Answer 28

Aldosterone
Cortisol
Androgens

Question 29

The Medulla of the adrenal glan produces?

Answer 29

Catecholamine
(adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.)

Question 30

All of the (What gland/ Lobe) Bind to membrane receptors and use cyclic AMP as a second messenger

Answer 30

Anterior Lobe of Pitituary gland

Growth Hormone (GH), Prolactin (PRL), TSH Thyroid Stimulating Homrone, ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 31

What are the hormones secreted by ant Pit gland?

Answer 31

Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)
TSH Thyroid Stimulating Homrone,
ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 32

Posterior Pituitary gland hormones?
(neurohypophysis)

Answer 32

• ADH
• Oxytocin

Question 33

Adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis?

Answer 33

Posterior - neurohypophysis
Anterior - Adenohypophysis