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3rd Year > Lesionology > Flashcards

Lesionology Flashcards

1
Q

What words did AT consider and then Coined Osteopathy

A

Osteon (Bone) and Pathos (suffering)

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2
Q

The ox Dictionary states that osteopathy appears in lecocon as what?

A

Affection of bone

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3
Q

What year did AT give the world Osteo?

A

1874 (He was 46yo)

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4
Q

What did Asa Willard Say about AT?

A

“Osteopathic concept”

Later turned against the then established methods of medicine disovering new truths, observed their workings, and stood squarley for his ideals

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5
Q

What did John E Rogers write about still?

A

Dr. Still adboped the word Osteopathy because he believed it was a suitible term to associated with his teaching, that upon the structural integrity of the body, especially its supporting tissues depends on the proper functioning of that body

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6
Q

in 1892 what was dictated to Jenette Bolles?

A

(System of medicine)
- All disease treated by the different schools of medicine as well as all cases requiring skill in surgery and midwifery

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7
Q

When was the first College established? and what state?

A

1892 in missouri

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8
Q

When it was recharterd in 1894 what was added?

A

Surgery, Obsterticsm treatment of disease in a more rational and professional scientific basis

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9
Q

What was the statutory definition of medicine and osteopathy?

A

The system, method, or science of treating diseases of the human body,

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10
Q

What is the definition of Osteopathy as a school of medicine?

A

Osteopathy is a complete system of therapy based on two fundamentals;
(1) the normal, living body creates its own remedies against infection and other toxic agents;
(2) the body is a vital machine, and correct adjustment is necessary if these remedies are able to be created and applied where needed

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11
Q

What is Osteopathic diagnosis comprised of? (physical examination)

A

The osteopathic diagnosis comprised physical examination of the entire body-
Skeletal, somatic, and visceral, nervous, and glandular, its distinguishing feature being an intensive search for and study of the osteopathic lesion.

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12
Q

What is Osteopathic diagnosis comprised of? (physical Findings)

A

Physical findings, chemical, x-ray and other laboratory procedures have a definite place in osteopathic diagnosis.

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13
Q

What is Osteopathic diagnosis comprised of? (What does it treat)

A

Treatment of diseases of women and children, of the eye, ear, nose, throat, and other special parts of the body. From its inception, obstetrics and surgery have been part of osteopathy.

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14
Q

According to the American illustrated Medical Dictionary, what is the definition of osteopathy?

A

System of healing art that places the chief emphasis on the structural integrity of the body mechanism, as being the most important single factor to maintain the well-being of the organism in health and disease

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15
Q

What is the osteopathic concept?

A

1, The body produces its own healing substances
2, Health depends on structural integrity.
3, Perverted structure is a fundamental cause of disease.”

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16
Q

In 1892, A.T Still wrote “Osteopathy as a philosophy is unanswerable, ________.

A

and as a system of healing disease it has no equal.

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17
Q

What is this part of?

“The normal living body creates the forces and fluids necessary for its growth and life and for its protection against disease. It manufactures the remedies and forces necessary for its own recovery from the effects of disease and injury.”

A

Osteopathic concept

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18
Q

These are part of?

The body is a vital machine and must be in correct structural adjustment.”

A tendency to normal is a constant factor and may, unaided, be all that is necessary to restore health.”

A

Osteopathic concept

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19
Q

What was A.T Still’s discovery of the spinal joint lesion?

A

1; “Any alteration in the normal position or excursion of the bony tissues of a spinal joint.

2; “any alteration in the normal functioning of the soft tissue (muscle, ligaments, nerves, capillaries, nerve centers and ganglia) of the joint, which causes or is caused by, local or remote tissue disturbances

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20
Q

What did H. I. Magoun say about the Sacro-iliac joint?

A

the Sacro-iliac lesion causes much tonic tension and many reflex symptoms; lesions of the feet and of the acromioclavicular joints to a lesser degree.he

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21
Q

What is Hulett’s definition of the osteopathic lesion?

A

Any structural perversion which by pressure produces or maintains functional disorder

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22
Q

What was Styles Definition of the Osteopathic lesion?

A

An osteopathic lesion is a functional perversion of a freely movable articulation within or beyond its physiological range but at all times, within its anatomical limits.

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23
Q

What is Hollis Definition of Osteopathic lesion?

A

Is a condition found in the spine that is associated with disease and is serving as a cauitive factor

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24
Q

What is McManis Definition of Osteopathic lesion?

A

Abnormal change in the tone, position, or mobility

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25
Q

Castilos Definition of Osteopathic lesion?

A

Departure from the normal relations of skeletal units

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26
Q

What are two causes of thickening tissues?

A

Oedematous or Fibrotic

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27
Q

What type of rigidity of vertebral joint tissues could someone have?

A

fascial, muscular, ligamentous, articular

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28
Q

What are deductive signs of an osteopathic lesion?

A

-The Functional/organic disease is caused by a boney abnormality and complicated by a reflex lesion.

-Acute infectious diseases cause reflex lesions complicated by a boney lesion.

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29
Q

What is the Osteopathic greater lesion complex?

A

disturbances in all the segmentally related tissues:

nervous, glandular, vascular, somatic, and visceral, wherever found in the body and influenced by abnormal reflex stimuli

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30
Q

What does the Osteopathic greater lesion include disturbances to?

A

nervous, glandular, vascular, somatic, and visceral,

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31
Q

What does the term spinal lesion or spinal joint refer to?

A

lesion pathology between adjacent vertebra, or between a vertebra and occiput, the pelvis, or a rib.

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32
Q

What does the term articular lesion refer to?

A

lesion pathology in one of the several articulations within a spinal joint.

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33
Q

What position is the tip of the spinous process in a flexion lesion

A

Spinous process is raised and separated from the tip below

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34
Q

What term is given if the upper of the two vertebra is forcibly side bent?

A

upper of the two vertebra is forcibly side-bent (with rotation following), we have a side-bending rotation lesion.

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35
Q

What is a bony lesion? (What is it usually caused by?)

A

lesion presenting a deviation in bony alignment. It is usually of traumatic origin.

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36
Q

What are the signs of a group lesion? (What are signs of this lesion?)

A

When 2 or more adjacent spinal joints are affected with lesion symptoms of a similar nature

Rigidity and malpositions are prominent signs of this lesion

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37
Q

What are the 4 classifications of rib lesions?

A

1) The Intervertebral lesion with rib involvement.
2. The intervertebral lesion in the 2nd to 9th Dorsal region, without rib involvement is not found.
3. The rib lesion with intervertebral joint involvement.
4. The rib lesion without intervertebral joint involvement.

38
Q

What causes secondary lesions? (What are they in character?)

A

prolonged strain and are, therefore, traumatic in character.

39
Q

What are the three classifications of lesions?

A
  1. Fixed, requiring manipulation to produce flexibility.
  2. Hypermobile, requiring rest, fixation, and constitutional treatment.
  3. Normally movable
40
Q

How are spinal lesions named?

A

Named for the upper, or supported vertebra of the two involved

41
Q

What is a torsioned Sacro-iliac lesion?

A

Condition in which the sacrum is rotated between the ilia around an axis which approximates the longitudinal axis of the sacrum

42
Q

What are Clavicular lesions?

A

1) Anterior (Based on its rotation)
2) Posterior (Based on its rotation)

SC and AC joints mirror

43
Q

What are the four greatest classes of Osteopathic spinal lesions?

A

(1) traumatic
(2) Reflex
(3) Acute
(4) Chronic

44
Q

What are the characteristics of a traumatic lesion?

A

Instantly upon its formation, has reflex symptoms

45
Q

What is a characteristic of a chronic lesion?

A

some acute symptoms which with slight provocations definitely increase. The chronic lesion may be either traumatic or reflex

46
Q

What is a fibrous contracture?

A

Nature removes many acute lesions, but the effect of inflammation repeatedly occurring in the tissues of a certain joint is cumulative, and formation of

fibrous tissue in muscle fasciculi and ligament-fibres is stimulated.

47
Q

Reflex lesion becomes?

A

becomes Causitive as soon as it is formed

48
Q

Are bone malposition’s more frequent in traumatic or reflex lesions?

A

Bone malposition’s are more frequent in traumatic than reflex lesions

49
Q

What is a causitive lesion?

A

reflex lesion becomes causative as soon as it is formed. If it were not, it would not be an osteopathic lesion.

50
Q

What are signs of disturbance in the spine?

A

Rigidity of the vertebral joints
perversion of movements
thickening of deep tissues

contractures, postural stress
Localized oedema
pallor and coldness of skin over joint,
Changes in gait

51
Q

What are the effects of a reflex spinal lesion?

A

Reflex motor stimuli from irritated nerve endings in remote tissue.

Disturbances in nerve impulses leaving the segments
Acute postural stresses.

52
Q

Head aches, Trophic skin changes, respiratory complications, deranged motor control, gastric ulcers… are exaples of what type of effect?

A

Chronic

53
Q

How are lion muscles impacted by fevers?

A

Hypersensitive

54
Q

How is the lumbar region impacted by fevers?

A

Pain radiating, hypersensitive at L5

55
Q

How is the Cervical region impacted by fevers?

A

Tissues, in- above- below, the Sub occipital triangle are congested and hypersensitive

56
Q

When bone is produced by disease there are three main categories; these include?

A

“Arthritis, Syphilis, Benign bone tumors.

57
Q

What are signs of Kummell’s disease

A

collapsing of a vertebra. After a trauma; and a wedge fracture develops, this condition flourishes in an ischemic environment.

58
Q

Where can fractures of vertebra occur?

A

(1) Body
(2) Spines
(3) Transverse Processes
(4) Laminae

59
Q

When is force applied to a spinal lesion more damaging?

A

Torsional Forces

60
Q

What happens when the receptors in the facet surfaces and in the muscles and ligaments of the joint with a spinal lesion?

A

receive abnormal (continuous) irritation from the pressure of abnormal position and from pressure of tension in the muscle and ligaments.

61
Q

What are the changes to the impulses from these receptors?

(receptors in the facet surfaces and in the muscles and ligaments of the joint with a spinal lesion?)

A

Impulses, abnormal in quality, volume, intensity, persistence, or continuousness,

62
Q

What defines an abnormal stimulus?

A

A change in quality, volume, intensity, or frequency

63
Q

What happens to vasomotor signals as abnormal impulses pass out from the cord to the joint muscle fibres?

A

Abnormal vasomotor impulses are passing to all the blood vessels of the joint

64
Q

What are the causes of nerve ending irritations?

A

Toxic/ Chemicals, Tension within the muscle substance and the blood-vessel walls cause a congestion by damming up the venous blood and lymph

65
Q

What is diapedesis as described by Louisa Burns?

A

Another result of the pressure from the tension and of the vasomotor disturbance is a seepage of blood corpuscles into the spaces about the congested capillaries. This is the hemorrhage

66
Q

What happens to the receptors during pressure?

A

“The sensitivity of receptors and the conductivity if nerve-fibrils are altered by the change in pressure and also by the chemical change in lymph.

67
Q

What does abnormal pressure to receptor nerve endings and pressure on the capillaries in the joint tissue cause?

A

Obstructed blood supply and drainage to tissues. This results in Lowered alkalinity and toxicity in the tissues

which produces, Oedema and is accompanied by, intracellular pressure, which permits Hemorrhage per diapedesis

68
Q

What is the cause of the abnormal nerve flow from a lesioned segment?

A

producing in the involuntary muscle-fibres an abnormally high and continuous tonic tension,

69
Q

What two kinds of fibres are voluntary muscles are made up of?

A

(1) those that respond to voluntary nerve messages
(2) those that respond to involuntary messages.

70
Q

What is a contraction?

A

Shortening of VOLUNTARY fibers in a muscle. (Short time and will become Exhausted)

71
Q

What is a contracture?

A

A shortening of INVOLUNTARY fibres in a muscle. They can remain in this condition indefinitely.

72
Q

What does Howell say about Contracture?

A

“Contracture” is meant a state of maintained contraction,

a state of retarded relaxation.

In contracture the muscle is held in a state of maintained contraction of tonicity.

73
Q

What kind of stress causes mal adjustment in spinal tissues too great to be automatically returned to normal? (4)

A

(1) too sudden and unexpected
(2) too great in force
(3) applied over a too long period of time
(4) applied torsionally.

74
Q

What does Trenery say about fractures to the lumbar transverse processes?

A

Fractures of the lumbar transverse processes due solely to muscular activity are consistently to be watched for

75
Q

What is Trauma?

A

implies that a force is too great for the structure of that joint normally to meet with safety is delivered directly to it by muscles or is passed along to it by and through ligaments

76
Q

How does prolonged strain act in creating a spinal lesion?

A

(1) Directly through the anatomical lever of spinal ligaments and bones

(2) through prolonged repetition of contractions in voluntary, superficial, back muscles.

77
Q

The immediate results of the abnormal strain which localizes in the spinal joint are ?? (4)

A

1) violent rotational-side-bending of a vertebra upon the vertebra below
(2) articular processes move to or beyond the normal range
(3) facet surfaces become “angulated”
(4) involuntary fibers in the short, deep, intrinsic muscles of the joint instantaneously go into an abnormal degree of tonic shortening and so remain.

78
Q

What happens to a rib when it is in lesion?

A

rib “rolls” in its position and the articular surface on the rib becomes “angulated” (one edge of the articulation on the rib is approximated to and impinges upon the surface of the articulation on the other bone).

79
Q

What produces most traumatic spinal lesions?

A

produced by force applied by one or more of the heavy groups of back muscles and localized in a certain section or in a single spinal joint. This muscle force is made possible by and comes through the legs and arms.

80
Q

What does powerful outside force applied to one part of the body cause when the spinal muscles are relaxed pass through?

A

A powerful outside force applied to one part of the body when the spinal muscles are relaxed through the spinal ligaments to a joint whose auricular facets receive and angular twist; and before the intrinsic muscles of the joint can contract to protect the joint, rotation-side-bending goes too far and articular facets are forced out if normal apposition and are angulated, one upon another.

81
Q

The rapid cooling or the exposure of the back to chilling drafts does??

A

acting through nerve receptors in the skin, in muscles, or in blood vessels, is in some instances the cause of abnormal tension is too high tonic shortening of the involuntary fibres in deep, intrinsic, spinal joint muscles.

82
Q

What is a Strain?

A

Strain is effort exerted on a bone and through it to ligaments and muscles

83
Q

Sprain may happen in??

A

muscle tissues, in subflavous, longitudinal, and rib head ligaments, and perhaps in discs

84
Q

What are predisposing causes of lesions?

A

Trauma of an earlier period of life has left a disability in the tissues of the joint and has prepared. It to be the site of the lesion

85
Q

What does the normal motion in a spinal joint mean?

A

The Joint can flex, extend, side-bend, and rotate through the movements required of it.

86
Q

What is a fixed facet?

A

It is rare to find rigidity in the tissues of an articulation of such a degree that all motion is lost.

87
Q

Why does compensation lead to secondary lesions?

A

are not always able to do without themselves showing the effects of too great stress

88
Q

What are six characteristics of perverted movement?

A

1) Muscular tension
2) Ligamentous rigidity
3) Malposition of bony parts
4) Perversion of movement
5) Perverted nerve activities
6) Vascular stasis or oedema

89
Q

What are characteristics of perversion of movement?

A

1) deficient in amount
2) restricted in certain directions
3) restricted in certain positions
4) there may be relaxed tissues and too free movement.

90
Q
A

3rd Year (26 decks)

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