Lesion Mod 2 Questions

Question 1

What causes the body to use additional energy to carry the body through the work required of the day’s activities?

Answer 1

When lesions cause stiffness in certain sections of the spine, much additional energy is needed to carry the body through the work required of it by the day’s activities.

Question 2

What happens when the body attempts to force a certain joint through movements which it cannot perform on account of restricted motion?

Answer 2

Joints above and below are made to compensate and reach limits of motion for which they are not prepared.”

Question 3

What does a spinal lesion cause with regards to the margin between health and low resistance?

Answer 3

The added force required to overcome the stresses developed often amount to a serious depletion of the margin between vigorous health on one hand and the low resistance on the other.

Question 4

What did V.E LeRoy say about an osteopathic lesion as a cause of disease?

Answer 4

An osteopathic spinal-joint lesion produces certain local changes and certain reflex changes, and beyond that the lesion has untold numbers of other effects transient, semi-transient, and permanent.”

(Transient, Semi, Perminant Remember!)

Question 4

What are variations in effect caused by?

Answer 4

Variations are
due to the different life experiences to which the person has reacte

Question 5

What is the Osteopathic Pathologic state?

Answer 5

Abnormalities in the following; Nerve stimulation, abnormal muscle tension in glandular/ arterial/ visceral/ and skeletal muscle

the development of a “fixed postural tension

The Fixed postural tension is present when this has “replaced the plastic postural tension normal in the tissues.

Question 6

What characterizes the Osteopathic pathological state as a diseased state?

Answer 6

(1) a local pathology in the spinal-joint involved
(2) a remote pathology in certain visceral or somatic tissues or organs
(3) a disturbance in the reflex arcs connecting the involved tissues.

Question 7

What is the Osteopathic spinal lesion a disease-producing agent of?

Answer 7

Great potency and insidiousness

Question 8

What is Heads Law

Answer 8

When a painful stimulus is applied to a part of low
sensibility which has close central connection with a part of much higher sensibility, the pain produced is felt in the part of much higher sensibility rather than in the part of lower sensibility to which the stimulus was applied.”

Question 9

What does V.E. LeRoy say about Head’s Law?

Answer 9

“Head’s Law deals with a one-way impulse. That is all.”

Question 10

Head’s Law deals with a sensory impulse which passes from where to where?

Answer 10

from an area of low sensibility to the sea of consciousness where emotion is affected

Question 11

What does Pottenger say about disease?

Answer 11

In the presence of disease of an internal viscus the sensory
cell bodies of the cord in the segment in reflex relation become highly excitable from being bombarded by stimuli coming from that disease viscus.

Question 12

What is an additional concept to that described in Head’s Law?`

Answer 12

The Protective mechanism in the brain sends motor impulses to the muscles of the joint where the pain is felt. The impulses reach the sensitive, short segmental spinal muscles, intrinsic to the joint, which develop a fixation- a high tonic shortening, too persistent and too high for the lymph or venous pressure to overcome

Local acidosis

Question 13

What is Type 1 Congestion?

Answer 13

Localized congestion of lymph and venous blood, caused by the pinch of muscle tension on the vessels lying in skeletal muscle fibers.”

Question 14

What is Type 2 Congestion?

Answer 14

Found in any part of the joint and is caused by reflex vasomotor disturbances reaching the blood vessels of the joint.”

Question 15

The reflex arch is composed of?

Answer 15

A receptor, an afferent nerve with its nerve center, and an efferent nerve considered as the pathway of a reflex act.”

Question 16

What does a reflex arc consist of?

Answer 16

Passage of an impulse along sensory (Afferent) neurons to the reflex center where it is converted into a motor impulse and is passed along the motor (Efferent) axon to the muscle or gland`

Question 17

What is contraction?

Answer 17

A fsion of many muscle twitches. It is a quick action for the use and protection of the body. Contraction is accompanied by the production of much heat and by the consumption of quantities of oxygen

Question 18

What is a contracture?

Answer 18

Slow and gentle, and may be maintained over much longer periods of time…very little evidence of heat production or oxygen consumption as compared to those phenomena in contraction

Question 19

How is the strength and velocity of the nerve impulse modified?

Answer 19

(Irritibility, Strength, and conductivity)

Temperature, toxins, pressure… electronus

Question 20

What does an abnormal stimulus cause?

Answer 20

LeRoy continous in flow and prolonged

McBain- more rapid in rate and greater intensity

Question 21

What is the result when nerve receptors in lesioned tissue receive abnormal stimuli?

Answer 21

the irritability of a nerve cell and fiber may be reduced by prolonged functional activity, and in practice this amounts to the same thing as fatigue

Question 22

What useful purpose does mobilization of adrenalin under the influence of sympathetic reflex arcs serve?

Answer 22

lowers the threshold to sympathetic stimuli, accelerates and augments the heartbeat, raises blood pressure, alters the distribution of blood, dilates pupils, and inhibits digestive activities, preparing the body for immediate defense.

Question 23

What does temporary glycosuria commonly accompany?

Answer 23

Commonly found accompanying intense pain or suppressed emotion than after strenuous exertion

Question 24

How do the evil effects of depressing emotions, anxiety, fear, pain, anger, toxins, infections, and traumas influence the body?

Answer 24

Structural Change

Question 25

Under healthy physiological conditions the sympathetic nervous system acts as a whole, what occurs with disease?

Answer 25

The sympathetic response may be so dissociated, perverted, or prolonged

Question 26

What is the effect of the Osteopathic spinal lesion?

Answer 26

Dissociate coordination in vasomotor control, to change glandular outpouring, and to confuse normal body functions at critical time

Question 27

What happens to the purposeful normal reflex act in the presence of the osteopathic lesion?

Answer 27

the characteristic purposeful normal reflex act is perverted or even destroyed because plastic change is replaced by fixed tension allowing only a certain level of function regardless of the need.

Question 28

Why are para-sympathetic effects less widespread?

Answer 28

Cell stations close to their destination so that the effects are less widely spread

Question 29

What may the sacral division of para-sympathetic nervous system be regarded as?

Answer 29

A mechanism for emptying

Question 30

How can the differences between the para-sympathetic and sympathetic divisions be look at as?

Answer 30

Antagonistic to each other

Question 31

How does V.E LeRoy define the Osteopathic lesion from a physiological standpoint?

Answer 31

A fixed postural tension which involves a spinal joint.

Question 32

What occurs simultaneously with the fixation in the involuntary fibers of the spinal joint muscles?

Answer 32

Fixation is appearing in the muscular walls of the blood vessels in the spinal joint and throughout the sphere of influence of the lesion

Question 33

What does the term “Osteopathic lesion complex” describe?

Answer 33

inclusive to; “not only of the trouble in the spinal joint but also inclusive of the entire complex.” Nervous AND glandular AND vascular AND Somatic AND spinal

Question 34

What must you keep in mind when describing the Osteopathic greater lesion complex?

Answer 34

To keep in mind not only the spinal joint involved but much of the remainder of the body as well,

Question 35

When is the tonicity in the joint tissues damaging?

Answer 35

Only when the tonicity in the joint tissues is continuous and persistent, is it damaging

Question 36

What are two kinds of postural tensions?

Answer 36

Fixed and plastic

Question 37

Which of the two postural tensions is physiologically abnormal?

Answer 37

Fixed

Question 38

____ on either the afferent of the efferent side or a reflex arc is one of the outstanding capacities of reflex arcs.

Answer 38

Variation of action

Question 39

What does functional action and reaction in segmentally related groups of interdependent parts depend on?

Answer 39

normal plastic changeableness

Question 40

Which of the spinal muscles are highly responsive to involuntary impulses?

Answer 40

Rotatores, multifidus, intertransversales, Interspinales, Levatores costari

Question 41

What place does the fixed tension in a reflex nerve field serve?

Answer 41

When the lesion has been removed, the abnormal tension disappears

Question 42

What happens due to the persistent level of stimulus at a joint?

Answer 42

Fixed flow of high- tension impulses does not adjust itself to the demands of normal function but remains high when normal function demands a change or a period of rest.

Question 43

Where do most disease symptoms come from?

Answer 43

Conflict between fixation and the need for plasticity

Question 44

What is the sphere of influence?

Answer 44

affects the nervous field on close segmental relations.

Question 45

Why is the normal plastic and rhythmic nature of the tonic tension dampened out?

Answer 45

Replaces the normal plastic and rhythmic nature of tonic tension, upon which depends the flow of life’s functions in the muscle and glands of this anatomic complex of interdependent partse

Question 46

Where is a joints position of rest located?

Answer 46

Somewhere between the “extremes of motion” of the joint facets.”

Question 47

What happens to the activity of a joint when habit tensions attempt to pull the spinal joint back into its postural resting position?

Answer 47

hyperactivity already present in the joint is magnified whole feild of influence is activated

Question 48

Does individual segmentation in complex animals (humans) exist?

Answer 48

In the higher, more complex animal, there is an interrelationship between body segments. In man the nerve centers of the body segments are seldom found working free from the influence of the nerve centers in neighbouring segments

Question 49

How does the interrelationship throughout the body exist?

Answer 49

innumerable nerve circuits uniting skin, skeletal parts, and visceral structures into a maze of complexity- a complexity so great that it defies complete comprehension

Question 50

What does Osteopathic treatment aim to achieve with regards to the increased tensions with aging?

Answer 50

attack and relieve deadening tensions in the fundamental functions of the body as we age we get stiff... loose functionality)

Question 51

Why do tissues fail to maintain themselves in old age?

Answer 51

Abnormal tensions”. “Tensions that have out-lived usefulness, which expresses themselves in vascular (circulatory) and glandular (secretory) functional fixations and, as errors in metabolism lead to death

Question 52

What is the simple osteopathic spinal joint lesion as discovered by A. T. Still?

Answer 52

Active abnormal stimulus; and with the resulting and accompanying reflex complex, a dampening out of normal function- as herein described- constitutes a disease process hitherto unknown and unsuspected in medical science.

Question 53

What are tonic tensions (normal and abnormal) supported by

Answer 53

Supported by reflex arcs

Question 54

What is phase 1 of the traumatic spinal lesion?

Answer 54

The traumatism in the joint acts as a continuous and abnormal stimulus to the nerve endings in the joint tissues. Continuous and abnormal impulses pass into the related cord centers and at once initiate the lesion complex

Question 55

What is phase 2 of the traumatic spinal lesion?

Answer 55

(greater Lesion Complex) Continuous and abnormal impulses are reflexed out to the joint tissues causing continuous and abnormal tensions to appear in the short, deep muscles and all other segmentally related structures

Question 56

What is phase 3 of the traumatic spinal lesion?

Answer 56

(Fibrotic Thickening) as a result of inflammation and congestion, fibrotic thickening appears rapidly in cases of severe trauma, and slowly in the purely reflex lesion

Question 57

What is a compound traumatic spinal lesion?

Answer 57

An articular lock in addition to tissue rupture or slippage between fibers of muscle and ligament. This lesion is more serious than the simple traumatic for the reason that even after the articular lock has been reduced, treatment must be continued until the organic pathology has been eliminated

Question 58

What is the initial performance in correcting a spinal lesion?

Answer 58

The reduction of articular fixation.

Question 59

What does the success of an operator depend on?

Answer 59

Consistent ability to reduce fixations with precision and little trauma

Question 60

What plane does the longitudinal anatomic lever reach the vertebra at?

Answer 60

Force of the longitudinal anatomic lever necessarily reaches the bone in lesion somewhat parallel to the plane in which the facet glides

Question 61

What did Taplin believe regarding flexion lesions?

Answer 61

Spinal lesions in flexion, i.e., forward bending, are generally more profound in their effects than are spinal lesions in extension, i.e., backward bending

Question 62

According to Taplin, which lesions are compensatory to which other lesions?

Answer 62

Extension lesions are usually compensatory to flexion lesions above or below