Lesion Mod 2 Questions Flashcards
What causes the body to use additional energy to carry the body through the work required of the day’s activities?
When lesions cause stiffness in certain sections of the spine, much additional energy is needed to carry the body through the work required of it by the day’s activities.
What happens when the body attempts to force a certain joint through movements which it cannot perform on account of restricted motion?
Joints above and below are made to compensate and reach limits of motion for which they are not prepared.”
What does a spinal lesion cause with regards to the margin between health and low resistance?
The added force required to overcome the stresses developed often amount to a serious depletion of the margin between vigorous health on one hand and the low resistance on the other.
What did V.E LeRoy say about an osteopathic lesion as a cause of disease?
An osteopathic spinal-joint lesion produces certain local changes and certain reflex changes, and beyond that the lesion has untold numbers of other effects transient, semi-transient, and permanent.”
(Transient, Semi, Perminant Remember!)
What are variations in effect caused by?
Variations are
due to the different life experiences to which the person has reacte
What is the Osteopathic Pathologic state?
Abnormalities in the following; Nerve stimulation, abnormal muscle tension in glandular/ arterial/ visceral/ and skeletal muscle
the development of a “fixed postural tension
The Fixed postural tension is present when this has “replaced the plastic postural tension normal in the tissues.
What characterizes the Osteopathic pathological state as a diseased state?
(1) a local pathology in the spinal-joint involved
(2) a remote pathology in certain visceral or somatic tissues or organs
(3) a disturbance in the reflex arcs connecting the involved tissues.
What is the Osteopathic spinal lesion a disease-producing agent of?
Great potency and insidiousness
What is Heads Law
When a painful stimulus is applied to a part of low
sensibility which has close central connection with a part of much higher sensibility, the pain produced is felt in the part of much higher sensibility rather than in the part of lower sensibility to which the stimulus was applied.”
What does V.E. LeRoy say about Head’s Law?
“Head’s Law deals with a one-way impulse. That is all.”
Head’s Law deals with a sensory impulse which passes from where to where?
from an area of low sensibility to the sea of consciousness where emotion is affected
What does Pottenger say about disease?
In the presence of disease of an internal viscus the sensory
cell bodies of the cord in the segment in reflex relation become highly excitable from being bombarded by stimuli coming from that disease viscus.
What is an additional concept to that described in Head’s Law?`
The Protective mechanism in the brain sends motor impulses to the muscles of the joint where the pain is felt. The impulses reach the sensitive, short segmental spinal muscles, intrinsic to the joint, which develop a fixation- a high tonic shortening, too persistent and too high for the lymph or venous pressure to overcome
Local acidosis
What is Type 1 Congestion?
Localized congestion of lymph and venous blood, caused by the pinch of muscle tension on the vessels lying in skeletal muscle fibers.”
What is Type 2 Congestion?
Found in any part of the joint and is caused by reflex vasomotor disturbances reaching the blood vessels of the joint.”
The reflex arch is composed of?
A receptor, an afferent nerve with its nerve center, and an efferent nerve considered as the pathway of a reflex act.”
What does a reflex arc consist of?
Passage of an impulse along sensory (Afferent) neurons to the reflex center where it is converted into a motor impulse and is passed along the motor (Efferent) axon to the muscle or gland`
What is contraction?
A fsion of many muscle twitches. It is a quick action for the use and protection of the body. Contraction is accompanied by the production of much heat and by the consumption of quantities of oxygen
What is a contracture?
Slow and gentle, and may be maintained over much longer periods of time…very little evidence of heat production or oxygen consumption as compared to those phenomena in contraction
How is the strength and velocity of the nerve impulse modified?
(Irritibility, Strength, and conductivity)
Temperature, toxins, pressure… electronus
What does an abnormal stimulus cause?
LeRoy continous in flow and prolonged
McBain- more rapid in rate and greater intensity
What is the result when nerve receptors in lesioned tissue receive abnormal stimuli?
the irritability of a nerve cell and fiber may be reduced by prolonged functional activity, and in practice this amounts to the same thing as fatigue
What useful purpose does mobilization of adrenalin under the influence of sympathetic reflex arcs serve?
lowers the threshold to sympathetic stimuli, accelerates and augments the heartbeat, raises blood pressure, alters the distribution of blood, dilates pupils, and inhibits digestive activities, preparing the body for immediate defense.
What does temporary glycosuria commonly accompany?
Commonly found accompanying intense pain or suppressed emotion than after strenuous exertion
How do the evil effects of depressing emotions, anxiety, fear, pain, anger, toxins, infections, and traumas influence the body?
Structural Change
Under healthy physiological conditions the sympathetic nervous system acts as a whole, what occurs with disease?
The sympathetic response may be so dissociated, perverted, or prolonged
What is the effect of the Osteopathic spinal lesion?
Dissociate coordination in vasomotor control, to change glandular outpouring, and to confuse normal body functions at critical time
What happens to the purposeful normal reflex act in the presence of the osteopathic lesion?
the characteristic purposeful normal reflex act is perverted or even destroyed because plastic change is replaced by fixed tension allowing only a certain level of function regardless of the need.
Why are para-sympathetic effects less widespread?
Cell stations close to their destination so that the effects are less widely spread
What may the sacral division of para-sympathetic nervous system be regarded as?
A mechanism for emptying
How can the differences between the para-sympathetic and sympathetic divisions be look at as?
Antagonistic to each other
How does V.E LeRoy define the Osteopathic lesion from a physiological standpoint?
A fixed postural tension which involves a spinal joint.
What occurs simultaneously with the fixation in the involuntary fibers of the spinal joint muscles?
Fixation is appearing in the muscular walls of the blood vessels in the spinal joint and throughout the sphere of influence of the lesion
What does the term “Osteopathic lesion complex” describe?
inclusive to; “not
only of the trouble in the spinal joint but also inclusive of the entire complex.”
Nervous AND glandular AND vascular AND Somatic AND spinal
What must you keep in mind when describing the Osteopathic greater lesion complex?
To keep in mind not only the spinal joint involved but much of the remainder of the body as well,
When is the tonicity in the joint tissues damaging?
Only when the tonicity in the joint tissues is continuous and persistent, is it damaging
What are two kinds of postural tensions?
Fixed and plastic
Which of the two postural tensions is physiologically abnormal?
Fixed
____ on either the afferent of the efferent side or a reflex arc is one of the outstanding capacities of reflex arcs.
Variation of action
What does functional action and reaction in segmentally related groups of interdependent parts depend on?
normal plastic changeableness
Which of the spinal muscles are highly responsive to involuntary impulses?
Rotatores, multifidus, intertransversales, Interspinales, Levatores costari
What place does the fixed tension in a reflex nerve field serve?
When the lesion has been removed, the abnormal tension disappears
What happens due to the persistent level of stimulus at a joint?
Fixed flow of high-
tension impulses does not adjust itself to the demands of normal function but remains high when normal function demands a change or a period of rest.
Where do most disease symptoms come from?
Conflict between fixation and the need for plasticity
What is the sphere of influence?
affects the nervous field on close segmental relations.
Why is the normal plastic and rhythmic nature of the tonic tension dampened out?
Replaces the normal plastic and rhythmic nature of tonic tension, upon which depends the flow of life’s functions in the muscle and glands of this anatomic complex of interdependent partse
Where is a joints position of rest located?
Somewhere between the “extremes of motion” of the joint facets.”
What happens to the activity of a joint when habit tensions attempt to pull the spinal joint back into its postural resting position?
hyperactivity already present in the joint is magnified whole feild of influence is activated
Does individual segmentation in complex animals (humans) exist?
In the higher, more complex animal, there is an interrelationship between body segments. In man the nerve centers of the body segments are seldom found working free from the influence of the nerve centers in neighbouring segments
How does the interrelationship throughout the body exist?
innumerable nerve
circuits uniting skin, skeletal parts, and visceral structures into a maze of complexity- a complexity so great that it defies complete comprehension
What does Osteopathic treatment aim to achieve with regards to the increased tensions with aging?
attack and relieve deadening tensions in the fundamental functions of the body as we age we get stiff… loose functionality)
Why do tissues fail to maintain themselves in old age?
Abnormal tensions”. “Tensions that have out-lived usefulness, which expresses themselves in vascular (circulatory) and glandular (secretory) functional fixations and, as errors in metabolism lead to death
What is the simple osteopathic spinal joint lesion as discovered by A. T. Still?
Active abnormal stimulus; and with the resulting and accompanying reflex complex, a dampening out of normal function- as herein described- constitutes a disease process hitherto unknown and unsuspected in medical science.
What are tonic tensions (normal and abnormal) supported by
Supported by reflex arcs
What is phase 1 of the traumatic spinal lesion?
The traumatism in the joint acts as a continuous and abnormal stimulus to the nerve endings in the joint tissues. Continuous and abnormal impulses pass into the related cord centers and at once initiate the lesion complex
What is phase 2 of the traumatic spinal lesion?
(greater Lesion Complex)
Continuous and abnormal impulses are reflexed out to the joint tissues causing continuous and abnormal tensions to appear in the short, deep muscles and all other segmentally related structures
What is phase 3 of the traumatic spinal lesion?
(Fibrotic Thickening)
as a result of inflammation and congestion, fibrotic thickening appears rapidly in cases of severe trauma, and slowly in the purely reflex lesion
What is a compound traumatic spinal lesion?
An articular lock in addition to tissue rupture or slippage between fibers of muscle and ligament. This lesion is more serious than the simple traumatic for the reason that even after the articular lock has been reduced, treatment must be continued until the organic pathology has been eliminated
What is the initial performance in correcting a spinal lesion?
The reduction of articular fixation.
What does the success of an operator depend on?
Consistent ability to reduce fixations with precision and little trauma
What plane does the longitudinal anatomic lever reach the vertebra at?
Force of the longitudinal anatomic lever necessarily reaches the bone in lesion somewhat parallel to the plane in which the facet glides
What did Taplin believe regarding flexion lesions?
Spinal lesions in flexion, i.e., forward bending, are generally more profound in their effects than are spinal lesions in extension, i.e., backward bending
According to Taplin, which lesions are compensatory to which other lesions?
Extension lesions are usually compensatory to flexion lesions above or below
