OT Mod 3 Flashcards
Class A joints: are? (Examples and have what components?)
occipital-spinal, costal spinal,
sacroiliac. Lesions of these joints affect spinal
joints and related nerve centres through:
1) Disturbed nerve reflexes
2) Postural strains
3) Direct continuity of tissue strain
Class B joints: (Examples and have what components?)
shoulder- girdle, hip, knee,
ankle, foot. Lesions of these joints affect spinal
joints and related nerve centres through:
1) Disturbed nerve reflexes
2) Postural strains
Class C joints: (Examples and have what components?)
hyoid, mandible, larynx,
trachea. Lesions of these joints affect spinal
joints and related nerve centres through:
1) Disturbed nerve reflexes
anterior and posterior pillars are ??
Active and passive structures through coordinated activity
control posture
_________ are the strong, expanding pressure of the nucleus exerts its _____ to aid the spine in returning to the position of repose from
Anterior pillar (column of bodies)
Push
Forward-bent and side-bent positions
__________ the strong
contracting force of the _________ and
related ligaments exerts a ________ to aid in the return
from forward-bending or side-bending
Posterior pillar (column of arches)
Ligament sub-flava
Pull
Movement in the spine is made possible by ? (Make up for ?? of the length)
The elasticity of the discs which make up one fourth
of the length
The _____________ action of the _______
gives to the movement its freedom and perfect
action
The ball and socket action of the nucleus pulposus
Range of movement depends on??
1) Thickness of the intervertebral discs above and
below and their compressibility
2) The shape of the particular vertebra, its body,
articular processes, and laminae
3) Limitation of ligaments attached to the vertebrae
Cervical flexion is ______ _____ Than
extension.
Lateral flexion and rotation
accompany each other are relatively _______
Cervical flexion is less marked than
extension.
Lateral flexion and rotation
accompany each other are relatively free
compared to the dorsals and lumbars.
Due to the slant of the articular facets,
some _____ must be allowed to get
any ______ at all and some rotation
always accompanies _____
Due to the slant of the articular facets,
some side-bending must be allowed to get
any rotation at all and some rotation
always accompanies side-bending
According to Edythe Ashmore, SB and R
dysfunctions are named??
According to Edythe Ashmore, SB and R
dysfunctions are named according to
which movement comes firs
During long periods in an_________ the spring-like
curves of the spine together with the____ act as a _________ for the protection of the brain, the nervous system, and all the delicately balanced
body activities.
During long periods in an upright position, the spring-like curves of the spine together with the elasticity of the fibro-Cartilages act as a shock absorber for the protection of the brain, the nervous system, and all the delicately balanced body activities.
Cardiac curve is ??
A lateral curve believed to occur in the yielding spine in a growing child due to pressure of the heart and aorta
Structural scoliosis commonly results from _____ in young undeveloped persons who have a tendency to weakened muscles and who sit or stand in such
attitudes that the muscles are relieved of strain.
The strain is shifted to such insensitive structures
as ligaments and fascia’s.
faulty position (functional scoliosis)`
In theory, the spine becomes ____ as soon as
the individual _____
In theory, the spine becomes shorter as soon as
the individual takes the upright position after
having been in the reclining position
The weight of the upright body ____ ____
discs and also _____ ____ _____ curves
The weight of the upright body compresses the
discs and also increases the depth of the curves
Great importance in osteopathy perhaps due to the
fact that in no other part of the body is there so
much change from ______ there is in
the _______
Infancy to old age as there is in the intervertebral disc.
The _____ of the disc determines the rate at
which senility is expressed.
State of nutrition
Spinal suppleness may be retained to any age and
depends upon the ______________of the
individual spinal joints to allow for free motion to
which nerve action and tissue nutrition depend on.
Condition of ligaments, the short deep muscles, and the nucleus pulposus
The spine is the first organ in the body to undergo
the __________. Possibly due to the ???
Degenerative changes. Possibly due to the
unique functional relations of the spine
The chief forces to be withstood by the human
spine are, both of them very severe in humans
whose occupations involve strong bodily work??? (2)
Pressure and Tension
What makes the Annulus possible to control the rhythmic motion of the spinal joints and the spine as a organ. Sets the limits.?
The fibres of the annulus receive from the
vertebral bodies the tension of all the motions
of the spinal joint.
Together with the action of the elastic ligamentum subflavum
The annulus comes into being, or first
reaches its greatest development at ?
The period when the stresses and strains of life
are most severe
The nutrition of the disc is believed to be
provided by??
Spongiosa of the vertebrae and lymph channels.
_____ of the disc ensures a constant renewal of nutrients and discard of waste products.
Proper motion in the disc
The arteries to the bodies of the vertebrae
make their entrance ____through the _____of the
____ Within the spinal canal__
Beneath the longitudinal ligament, through the posterior surfaces of the bodies within the spinal canal
Lymph capillaries spring from ____ to supply the???
Spring from arterial capillaries to supply the cartilaginous plate of the disc
Nerva Vasorum?
Nerve supplying blood (vasomotor fibers implanted in its walls)
A knowledge of the structures in the IVF-duct is
important for several reasons???
1) every spinal nerve impulse, spinal blood-vessel, venous and arterial, must pass through this canal or
duct.
2) The duct lie in intimate relation to the posterior articular facets, the rib heads, and the disc.
3) Structures in the IVF are pinched in the presence of anosteopathic lesion.
Nerva Nervorum?
Nerve supplying
nerve; every artery down to capillary
endings carries with it sympathetic
fibers, therefore, nerve trunks
themselves receive from this source a
sympathetic nerve supply
Vasa Nervorum?
Arteries supplying the nerves, aside from their nutrient function they supply collateral
circulation, which is at times of great
importance
Vasa Vasorum?
The walls of arteries and arterioles are nourished by
arterioles coming from without, penetrating the muscular wall along with the vasomotor sympathetic nerves
An anterior group - act & a posterior group act ?
Anterior group (act with gravity)
Posterior (act against gravity)
The ____ _____muscles are of first importance in causing the traumatic spinal lesioning
The superficial axial muscles
The deep intrinsic muscles are always
associated with?? and Why?
Associated with any pathology of the osteopathic lesion!
- They maintain the lesion after the force has traumatized them & the lesion established.
Do the anterior or posterior muscles need more attention?
The muscles of the posterior/extensor group are far more numerous and demand more attention in diagnosis and therapy than those of the
anterior or flexor group
In the reflex lesion, the muscles of the
________ are principally affected
since they are in intimate relation to the
joint.
Segmental group
Cardinal tension points in the spine?
Lumbosacral
Thoracolumbar
Cervicothoracic
Occipitocervical
Postural strains in the spinal organ affect ?
Postural strains in the spinal organ affect natural
immunity.
