OT Mod4

Question 1

Three fold part of muscle influences in the joint lesions are?

Answer 1

1) Causative (unequal strain falls
opposing muscle groups or when reflex irritations have caused disturbances in contraction or relaxation

2) Maintenance, after once established: also a factor in recurrence once the pathology is
established.

3) Place of origin of irritation stimuli in the reflex arcs of the segment promotes changes to intracellular pressures and tension which have far reaching effects on movement and function.

Question 2

Upon the establishment of the lesion, abnormal ____ appear in the muscles in relation causes ______?

Answer 2

Impulses
Causes vascular changes and changes in
muscular tone

Question 3

In both the traumatic and the reflex lesion the ____ & _____on the joint surfaces is first established and then maintained by muscular shortening.

Answer 3

The uneven angulation & abnormal pressure on the joint

Question 4

What is considered in lesion therapeutics?

Answer 4

Removal of the “irritation”

Correction of the lesion may require bony
adjustment of the vertebrae

Manipulation of engorged & tense muscles

Question 5

Some general functional characteristics of spinal ligaments…?

Answer 5

• Aids in motion (tensile principle)
• Strength (collagen principle)
• Flexibility (elastic principle)
• Proprioception (posture and balance)
• Autonomic (somatovisceral reflexes)

Question 6

The blood supply of the capsular ligaments?

Answer 6

Arteries enter the ligament at its periphery

Question 7

What is the function of the nerves that supply the capsular ligaments?

Answer 7

Gather impulses excited by the normal tension of body movements and to transmit this knowledge to the center of posture in the cerebellum (proprioception)

Question 8

“The osteopathic spinal lesion, as we know it, is found at points mechanically weakened… (2)…

Answer 8

(1) by having been subject to repeated sprain and
(2) by having been subject to more or less constant torsional stress.”

Question 9

The individual pattern of each human spine is largely determined?

Answer 9

During the few years following the child’s learning to walk

Question 10

When the____ takes an upright position and
with it the strains of activity, ____ and ______ ____ develop at the points receiving unusual strains and incorrect nourishment

Answer 10

When the child takes an upright position and
with it the strains of activity, bony and
ligamentous imperfections develop at the points receiving unusual strains and incorrect nourishment

Question 11

The osteopathic spinal lesion is a rarity in the
infant…. Because?

Answer 11

The spine of the infant is not often subjected to trauma because of its protected life

The body of the infant is so flexible that the joints are not easily lesioned

Question 12

Why should the spine be considered a physiological unit?

Answer 12

1) Integrity of the pelvic ring must be maintained as it is the foundation of the spine.

2. Integrity of the spine as an organ must be
   maintained.
3. Integrity of the ligaments & muscles which act as guy ropes, and upon which the spine depends in its function of keeping the body erect, must be maintained.
4. Integrity of the chest wall & shoulder girdle is of importance.
5. Condition of the arms and legs and their use and habits are important.
6. All of these affect the spine as a physiologic organ, and they also affect each unit segment.

Question 13

Why is the spine never at rest?Facet lesions with angular deviations with
respect to one another would be a most serious
matter

Answer 13

Vertebrae are always in motion one upon the other.

Upright station requires incessant re- adjustment of position of the vertebrae

Question 14

What would be a most serious matter lesion in relation to ribs?

Answer 14

Facet lesions with angular deviations with
respect to one another would be a most serious matter

Question 15

Motion beyond______ under ______ of
all or part structures, assumption of an angle, indentation of a surface by a _______ _____, restraining ligaments and partial returning to a disturbance to the
attachment of the head of the rib with the
consequent tilting of the rib itself.normal position are all factors

Answer 15

Motion beyond normal, under high tension of all or part structures, assumption of an angle, indentation of a surface by a projecting portion, restraining ligaments and partial returning to a normal position are all factors

Question 16

In extreme rotation in the dorsal region, a point of serious impact is the ?

Answer 16

Disturbance to the attachment of the head of the rib with the consequent tilting of the rib itself.

Question 17

Ribs are part of the anterior border of the foramen and can be an??

Answer 17

Irritating factor to the nerves that pass in
relation to themselves

Question 18

Each foramen divided into 2 foramina via transverse fibrous membrane..?

Answer 18

(1) Upper, nerve compartment
(2) Lower, motion compartment

Question 19

The foramen is divided by something that is divided by a fibrous membrane that is an extension of?? and what part does the blood/ Nerves run through?

Answer 19

Extension of Guys Operculum

Upper Portion (Nerve compartment)

Question 20

The rib tubercle is located ??

Answer 20

At the junction of the neck and the body

Articulates with corresponding transverse process of the vertebrae

Question 21

What does it mean when an organ is functionally or organically disturbed?

Answer 21

Refers this trouble to external tissues

Added irritation to joint structures

Lesion becomes acute, the muscles contractured and irritating impulses are referred back to the diseased organs

Question 22

If the ____ ____ is broken what wont develop?

Answer 22

Vicious Cycle, Disease won’t develop

Question 23

If a “therapeutic answer” to the abnormal
impulses from the viscus is presented, then
there will be acting, instead of the _______, a ______; and the reflex commerce will be as therapeutically beneficial as previously it was pathological.

Answer 23

If a “therapeutic answer” to the abnormal
impulses from the viscus is presented, then
there will be acting, instead of the “vicious
circle”, a “therapeutic circle”; and the
reflex commerce will be as therapeutically
beneficial (physiologically normal) as
previously it was pathological.

Question 24

What initiates a physiological stimulus that causes the cycles to be shifted?

Answer 24

Movement of the joint initiates a physiological stimulus which causes the “vicious circle” to be replaced by a
“therapeutic circle”

Question 25

Unlike the knee joint, the spinal joints are not only in reflex relationship with the muscles controlling them but also ??

Answer 25

With deep viscera and various organic and
vegetative processes of the cells.