Physics Ch 8. Light and Optics

Question 1

Electromagnetic waves

Answer 1

Transverse waves that consist of an oscillating electric field and an oscillating magnetic field, the two fields are perpendicular to each other into the direction of the propagation of the wave

Question 2

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 2

The range of frequencies and wave links found in EM waves, from lowest to highest energy includes Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays

Question 3

Visible spectrum

Answer 3

Runs from approximately 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red)

Question 4

Reflection

Answer 4

Rebounding of incident light waves at the boundary of a medium

Question 5

Law of reflection

Answer 5

States that the incident angle will equal the angle of reflection as measured from the normal

Question 6

Spherical mirrors

Answer 6

Have centers in radio of curvature as well as focal points

Question 7

Concave mirrors

Answer 7

Are converging systems and can produce real, inverted images or virtual, upright images depending on the placement of the object relative to the focal point

Question 8

Convex mirrors

Answer 8

Are diverging systems and will only produce virtual, upright images

Question 9

Plane mirrors

Answer 9

Also produce virtual, upright images, these images are always the same size as the object, they may be thought of as spherical mirrors with an infinite radio of curvature

Question 10

Refraction

Answer 10

The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, the speed of light changes depending on the index of refraction of the medium, this speed change is what causes refraction, the amount of refraction depends on the wavelength of the light involved, this behavior causes dispersion of light through a prism

Question 11

Snell’s law

Answer 11

aka the law of refraction, states that there is an inverse relationship between index of refraction in the sine of the angle of refraction measured from the normal

Question 12

Total internal reflection

Answer 12

Occurs when light cannot be refracted out of the medium anderson Stead reflected back into the medium, this happens when light moves from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium with a lower index of refraction with a high incidence angle

Question 13

Critical angle

Answer 13

The minimum incident angle at which total internal reflection occurs

Question 14

Lenses

Answer 14

Refract light to form objects of images

Question 15

Thin symmetrical lenses

Answer 15

Have focal points on each side

Question 16

Convex lenses

Answer 16

Are converging systems that can produce real, inverted images or virtual, upright images

Question 17

Concave lenses

Answer 17

Are diverging systems and will only produce a virtual, upright images

Question 18

Lensmakers equation

Answer 18

Required with lenses of non-negligible thickness

Question 19

Converging o>2f

Answer 19

Real, inverted, reduced

Question 20

Converging o = 2f

Answer 20

Real, inverted, same size

Question 21

Converging 2f>o>f

Answer 21

Real, inverted, magnified

Question 22

Converging o=f

Answer 22

No image

Question 23

Converging o

Answer 23

Virtual, upright, magnified

Question 24

Diverging systems

Answer 24

Virtual, upright, reduced

Question 25

Diffraction

Answer 25

The bending in spreading out of light waves as they pass through a narrow slit, may produce a large central light friend surrounded by alternating light and dark fringes with the addition of a lens

Question 26

Young’s double-slit experiment

Answer 26

What is the constructive and destructive interference of waves that occur as light passes through parallel slits, resulting in minima (dark fringes) and maxima (light fringes) of intensity

Question 27

Plane polarized light

Answer 27

All of the light rays have electric fields with parallel orientation, created by passing unpolarized light through a polarizer

Question 28

Circularly polarized light

Answer 28

Well the white race have electric fields with equal intensity but constantly rotating direction, created by exposing unpolarized light to special pigments or filters

Question 29

Speed of light equation

Answer 29

c = f*lambda

Question 30

Law of reflection equation

Answer 30

Theta1=Theta2

Question 31

Optics equation

Answer 31

1/f = 1/o + 1/I = 2/r

Question 32

Magnification equation

Answer 32

m = -i/o

Question 33

Index of refraction equation

Answer 33

n =c/v

Question 34

Snells law equation

Answer 34

n1sin(theta1) = n2sin(theta2)

Question 35

Critical angle equation

Answer 35

thetac = sin^-1(n2/n1)

Question 36

Lensmakers equation equation

Answer 36

1/f= (n-1)*(1/r1 - 1/r2)

Question 37

Power equation

Answer 37

P = 1/f

Question 38

Focal length of multiple lens system equation

Answer 38

1/f = 1/f1+1/f2+1/f3…

Question 39

Power of multiple lens system equation

Answer 39

P = P1+P2+P3…

Question 40

Magnification of multiple lens system

Answer 40

m = m1m2m3…

Question 41

Position of dark fringes in slit lens setup equation

Answer 41

asin(theta) = n*lambda

Question 42

Position of dark fringes in double slit setup equation

Answer 42

dsin(theta) = (n+1/2)*lambda