Behavioral Sciences Ch6. Identity and Personality Flashcards
Self-concept
Some of the ways in which we describe ourselves: in the present, who are used to be, and who we might be in the future
Identities
Individual components of our self-concept related to the groups to which we belong, examples include religious affiliations, sexual orientation, and ethnic and national affiliations
Self esteems
Describes our evolution of ourselves, generally the closer our actual self is to our ideal self and our ought self, the higher our self-esteem will be
Self-efficacy
The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable at a given skill or in a given situation, when placed in a consistently hopeless scenario, self-efficacy see can be diminished the point were learned helplessness results
Actual self
Who we are
Ideal self
Who we want to be
Ought self
Who others want us to be
Learned helplessness
Results when self-efficacy is diminished after being placed in a consistently hopeless scenario
Locus of control
Self-evaluation that refers to the way we characterize the influences in our lives
Internal locus of control
People with an internal locus of control see their successes and failures as a result of their own characteristics and actions
External locus of control
People with an external locus of control perceive outside factors as having more of an influence in their lives
Freud’s psychosexual stages of personality development
Based on the tensions caused by the libido, failure at any given stage leads to fixation that causes personality disorders, phases are oral, anal, phallic [oedipal], latent, and genital, based on the erogenous zones that are the focus of each phase of development
Libido
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Fixation
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Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development
Stem from conflicts that occur throughout life (trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and double, initiative vs guilt, industry vs interiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generatively vs stagnation, integrity vs despair), these conflicts are the result of decisions we are faced to make about ourselves and the environment around us at each phase of our lives
Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
Describe the approaches of individuals to resolving moral dilemmas, believed that we progress through six stages divided into three main phases: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
Preconventional stage of moral development
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Conventional stage of moral development
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Postconventional stage of moral development
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Vygotsky
Five development of language, culture, and skills, he propose the idea of the zone of proximal development
Zone of proximal development
Proposed by Vygotsky, describes those skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other to accomplish
Imitation and role-taking
Common ways children learn from others, children first reproduce the behavior of role models and later learn to see the perspectives of others and practice taking new roles
