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MCAT > Physics - Ch 1: Kinematics and Dynamics > Flashcards

Physics - Ch 1: Kinematics and Dynamics Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

SI units

A

Related to metric system

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2
Q

Vectors

A

Physical quantities with magnitude and direction

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3
Q

Scalar

A

Quantities without direction

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4
Q

Vector addition

A

Tip to tip method or break up into components

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5
Q

Vector subtraction

A

Change direction of subtracted vector and then add

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6
Q

Vector x scale multiplication

A

Changes magnitude and could change direction

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7
Q

Dot product

A

Results in scalar - product of magnitudes*cos(angle btwn them)

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8
Q

Cross product

A

Results in vector - products of magnitudes*sin(angle btwn them) * u – use RHR to determine direction

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9
Q

Displacement

A

Vector representation of a change in positions, path independent, equivalent to straight line distance between start and stop location

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10
Q

Distance

A

Scalar quantity that reflects path travelled

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11
Q

Velocity

A

Vector Representation of the change in displacement with respect to time (SI - m/s)

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12
Q

Average velocity

A

Total displacement/total time

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13
Q

Average speed

A

Total distance traveled/total time

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14
Q

Instantaneous velocity

A

Limit of the change in displacement over time as the change in time approaches zero

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15
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

Magnitude of the instantaneous velocity vector

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16
Q

Force

A

Any push or pull that has the potential to result in an acceleration (SI - N=kg*m/s^2)

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17
Q

Gravity

A

Attractive force between two objects as a result of their masses

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18
Q

Friction

A

Force that opposes motion as a function of electrostatic interactions at the surfaces of two objects

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19
Q

Static friction

A

Friction that exists between two objects that are not in motion relative to each other - can take on many values depending on the magnitude of force applied

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20
Q

Kinetic friction

A

Friction that exists between two objects that are in motion relative to each other - constant value

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21
Q

Coefficient of friction

A

Coefficient that depends on two materials in contact. Coeff of static friction is always higher than the coeff of kinetic friction - unitless

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22
Q

Mass = weight?

A

NO

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23
Q

Mass

A

Measure of the inertia of an object - its amount of material, scalar (SI - kg)

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24
Q

Weight

A

The force experienced by a given mass due to its gravitational attraction to the Earth, vector (SI- N)

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25
Q

Acceleration

A

Vector representation of the change in velocity over time (SI- m/s^2)

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26
Q

Newtons first law

A

aka Law of inertia - an object with remain at rest or move with a constant velocity if there is no net force on the object

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27
Q

Newton’s Second Law

A

Any acceleration is the result of the sum of the forces acting on the object and its mass

28
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Any two objects interacting with one another experience equal and opposite forces as a result of their interaction

29
Q

Linear motion

A

Motion in which the velocity and acceleration vectors are parallel or antiparallel

30
Q

Projective motion

A

Contains both an x and y components. assuming negligible air resistance, the only force acting on the object is gravity

31
Q

Inclined planes

A

Type of two-dimensional movement, easiest to analyze dimensions being parallel and perpendicular to surface of the plate

32
Q

Circular motion

A

Movement in circular direction, has radial and tangential dimensions

33
Q

Uniform circular motion

A

The only force is the centripetal force pointing radially inwards, the instantaneous velocity vector always points tangentially

34
Q

Free body diagrams

A

Representations of the forces acting on an object, useful for equilibrium and dynamic problems

35
Q

Translational equilibrium

A

Occurs in the absence of any net forces acting on an object, object has constant velocity, and may or may not also be in rotational equilibrium

36
Q

Rotational equilibrium

A

Occurs in the absence of any net torques acting on an object, constant angular velocity

37
Q

Torque equation

A

tau = r x F = rFsin(theta)*u

38
Q

Centripetal force

A

Force that points radially inward during circular motion, generates centripetal acceleration

39
Q

Vector magnitude

A

Use pythagorean theorem

40
Q

Magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects

A

F_g = (Gm1m2)/r^2

41
Q

Static friction magnitudes

A

0<= f_s <= mu_s*N

42
Q

Normal force

A

Component of the force between two objects in contact that is perpendicular to the plane of contact between the object and the surface upon which it rests

43
Q

Kinetic friction magnitude

A

f_k = mu_k*N

44
Q

Relationship between weight and mass

A

F_g = m*g

45
Q

Center of mass/gravity

A

Where the weight of an object can be though of as being applied at a single point

46
Q

G (universal gravitational constant)

A

6.67E-11 N*m^2/kg^2

47
Q

Center of mass of a uniform object

A

Geometric center

48
Q

Deceleration

A

Acceleration in the direction opposite the initial velicty

49
Q

Average acceleration

A

Total change is velocity/total change in time

50
Q

Instantaneous acceleration

A

Average acceleration as DELTAT approaches 0

51
Q

Newtons second law equation

A

F_net = m*a

52
Q

Newtons first law equation

A

F_net = 0 if a=0

53
Q

Newtons third law equation

A

F_AB = -F_BA

54
Q

Kinematic equation v =

A

v = v_o + at

55
Q

Kinematic equation x =

A

x = v_ot + at^2/2

56
Q

Kinematic equation v^2 =

A

v^2 = v_o^2 + 2ax

57
Q

Kinematic equation x =

A

v_bar*t

58
Q

Air resistance

A

Opposes motion of an object, its value increases as the speed of an object increases

59
Q

Drag force

A

Force opposing motion of an object, its value increases as the speed of an object increases until the drag force equals F_g

60
Q

Terminal velocity

A

Constant velocity where a falling objects force due to gravity equals the drag force

61
Q

Splitting gravity on inclined plane

A 
F_gll = mgsin(theta)
F_gperp = mgcos(theta)
62
Q

Centripetal force equation

A

F_c = m*v^2/r

63
Q

Dynamics

A

The study of forces and torques

64
Q

Rotational motion

A

Forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fulcrum

65
Q

Fulcrum

A

Fixed pivot point for rotational motion

66
Q

Torque

A

aka moment of force, application of a force a distance away from a fulcrum

67
Q

Positive torque direction

A

Counterclockwise

MCAT (67 decks)

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