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MCAT > Behavioral Sciences Ch 7. Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Behavioral Sciences Ch 7. Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Biomedical approach

A

The biomedical approach to psychological disorders takes into account only the physical and medical causes of a psychological disorder, thus the treatments to this approach are biomedical in nature

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

Considers the relative contributions of biological, psychological, and social components to an individuals disorder, treatments also fall into these three ares

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3
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

A

Used to diagnose psychological disorders, its current version is DSM-5, it categorizes mental disorders based on symptom patterns

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4
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Prototypical disorder with psychosis as a feature, contains positive and negative symptoms

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5
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Add something to behavior, cognition, or affect and include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speed, and disorganized behavior

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6
Q

Negative symptoms

A

The loss of something from behavior, cognition, or affect and include disturbance of affect and avolition

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7
Q

Depressive disorders

A

Include major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder

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8
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Contains at least one major depression episode

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9
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

Dysthymia for at least two years that does not meet criteria for major depressive disorder

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10
Q

Dysthymia

A

-

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11
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Colloquial name for major depressive disorder with seasonal onset, with depression occurring during winter months

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12
Q

Bipolar and related disorder

A

Have manic or hypomanic episodes

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13
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

Contains at least one manic episode

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14
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

Contains at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode

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15
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

Contains hypomanic episodes with dysthymia

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16
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Include anxiety disorder, specific phobias, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and panic disorder

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17
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months

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18
Q

Specific phobias

A

Irrational fears of specific objects or situations

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19
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Anxiety due to social or performance situations

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20
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of places or situations where it is hard for an individual to escape

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21
Q

Panic disorder

A

Marked by recurrent panic attacks: intense, overwhelming fear and sympathetic nervous systems activity with no clear stimulus, it may lead to agoraphobia

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22
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Characterized by obsessions and compulsions

23
Q

Obsessions

A

Persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses

24
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause significant impairment in a persons life

25
Q

Body dysmorphic disorder

A

Characterized by an unrealistic negative evaluation of ones appearance or a specific body part, the individual often takes extreme measures to correct the perceived imperfection

26
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A

PTSD - characterized by intrusion symptoms (reliving the event, flashbacks, nightmares), avoidance symptoms (avoidance of people, places, objects associated with trauma), negative cognitive symptoms (amnesia, negative mood and emotions) and arousal symptoms (increased startle response, irritability, anxiety)

27
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Include dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder, and depersonalization/derealization disorder

28
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

An inability to recall past experience without an underlying neurological disorder, severe forms may involve dissociative fugue

29
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

A sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of a new identity

30
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

The occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a persons behavior

31
Q

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

Involves feelings of detachment from the mind and body or from the environment

32
Q

Somatic symptoms and related disorders

A

Involves significant bodily symptoms

33
Q

Somatic symptom disorder

A

Involves at least one somatic symptom, which may or may not be linked to an underlying medical condition, that causes disproportionate concern

34
Q

Illness anxiety disorder

A

Preoccuptation with thoughts about having or coming down with a serious medical condition

35
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Involves unexplained symptoms affecting motor or sensory function and is associated with prior trauma

36
Q

Personality disorders (PD)

A

Patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress or impaired functioning in at least two of the following: cognition, emotions, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control, occur in three clusters

37
Q

Cluster A

A

Odd or eccentric personality disorders, includes paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid PDs

38
Q

Cluster B

A

Dramatic, emotional, erratic personality disorders, includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic PDs

39
Q

Cluster C

A

Anxious and fearful personality disorders, includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive PDs

40
Q

Paranoid PD

A

Involves a pervasive disrust and suspicion of others

41
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

Involves ideas of reference, magical thinking, and eccentricity

42
Q

Schizoid PD

A

Involves detachment from social relationships and limited emotion

43
Q

Antisocial PD

A

Involves a disregard for the rights of others

44
Q

Borderline PD

A

Involves instability in relationships, mood, and self image, splitting and recurrent suicide attempts are characteristic

45
Q

Splitting

A

-

46
Q

Histrionic PD

A

Involves constant attention-seeking behavior

47
Q

Narcissistic PD

A

Involves a grandiose sense of self-importance and need for admiration

48
Q

Avoidant PD

A

Involves extreme shyness and fear of rejection

49
Q

Obsessive compulsive PD

A

Involves perfectionism, inflexibility, and preoccupation with rules

50
Q

Biological basis schizophrenia

A

May be associated with genetic factors, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use, and family history, high levels of dopaminergic transmission

51
Q

Biological basis depression

A

Accompanied by high levels of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

52
Q

Biological bipolar disorders

A

Accompanied by high levels or norepinephrine and serotonin, also highly heritable

53
Q

Alzheimers disease

A

Associated with genetic factors, brain atrophy, decreases in acetylcholine, senile plaques of beta-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein

54
Q

Parkinsons disease

A

Associated with Brady kinesis, resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, mask like facies, cogwheel rigidity, and a shuffling gait, decreases production of dopamine in cells in the substantial nigra

MCAT (67 decks)

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