Behavioral Sciences Ch 9. Social Interaction Flashcards
Status
Position in society used to classify individuals
Ascribed status
Voluntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on
Achieved status
Voluntarily earned by an individual
Master status
Status by which an individual is primarily identified
Role
Instead of beliefs, values, and norms that defined the expectations of a certain status in a social situation
Role performance
Refers to caring out the behaviors of a given role
Role partner
Another individual who helps to find a specific role within the relationship
Role set
Contains all of the different roles associated with a status
Role conflict
Occurs when one has difficulty and satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
Role strain
Occurs when one has difficulty satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously
Groups
Made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity
Peer group
Self selected group formed around similar interests, ages, and statuses
Family group
The group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married
In Group
One with which an individual identifies
Out group
One that an individual competes with or opposes
Reference group
A group to which an individual compares him or herself
Primary groups
Those that contains strong emotional bonds
Secondary groups
Often temporary and contained if you were emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall
Gemeinschaft
Community, a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
Gesellschaft
Society, a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal
Groupthink
Occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views and ignore outside perspectives
Network
An observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
Organization
Bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals, they exist outside of each individuals membership within the organization
Basic model
States that there a universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
Models of expressing emotion
Basic model and social construction model
Social construction model
States that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
Display rules
Unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
Cultural syndrome
Shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behavior organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography
Impression management
Refers to the maintenance of public image which is accomplished through various strategies
Self disclosure
Sharing factual information
Managing appearances
Refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image
Ingratiation
Using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
Aligning actions
The use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
Alter casting
Imposing an identity onto another individual
Dramaturgical approach
Says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
Front stage
Where the Individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image
Backstage
Where are the individual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
Verbal communication
Conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words
Nonverbal communication
The convenience of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures
Animal communication
Takes place not only between nonhuman animals but between humans and other animals as well, animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalizations to communicate
