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MCAT > Behavioral Sciences Ch 5. Motivation, Emotion, and Stress > Flashcards

Behavioral Sciences Ch 5. Motivation, Emotion, and Stress Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Motivation

A

The purpose, or driving force, behind our actions

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2
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Based on external circumstances

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3
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Based on internal drive or perception

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4
Q

Primary factors that influence emotion

A

Instincts, arousal, drives and needs

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5
Q

Instincts

A

Innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to a stimuli

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6
Q

Instinct theory

A

A theory of motivation, people perform certain behaviors because of these evolutionarily programmed instincts

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7
Q

Arousal theory

A

People perform actions to maintain arousal at an optimum level

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8
Q

Arousal

A

The state of being awake and reactive to stimuli

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9
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

Shows that performance is optimal at a medium level of arousal

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10
Q

Drives

A

Internal states of tension that beget particular behaviors focused on goals

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11
Q

Primary drives

A

Related to body processes

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12
Q

Secondary drives

A

Stem from learning and include accomplishments and emotions

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13
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

Motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives, which create uncomfortable internal states

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14
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A

Prioritizes needs into five categories: physiological needs (highest priority), safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization (lowest priority)

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15
Q

Self-determination theory

A

Emphasizes the role of three universal needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness

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16
Q

Incentive theory

A

Explains motivation as the desire to pursue rewards and avoid punishments

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17
Q

Expectancy-value theory

A

States that the amount of motivation for a task is based on the individuals expectation of success and the amount that success is valued

18
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Explains motivation for drug use: as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, leading to tolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms

19
Q

Emotion

A

State of mind or a feeling that is subjectively experienced based on circumstances, mood, and relationship

20
Q

Three components of emotion

A

Cognitive (subjective), behavioral (facial expressions and body language), and physiological (changes in the autonomic nervous system)

21
Q

Seven universal emotions

A

Happiness, sadness, contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, anger

22
Q

Theories of emotions

A

James-Lange theory, Cannon-Bard theory, Schachter-Singer theory

23
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Nervous system arousal leads to a cognitive response in which the emotional is labeled

24
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

The simultaneous arousal of the nervous system and cognitive response lead to action

25
Q

Schachter-Singer theory

A

Nervous system arousal and interpretation of context lead to a cognitive response

26
Q

Limbic system

A

The primary nervous system component involved in experiencing emotion, includes the amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex

27
Q

Amygdala

A

Involved with attention and fear, helps interpret facial expressions and is part of the intrinsic memory system for emotional memory

28
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory processing station

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Releases neurotransmitters that affect mood and arousal

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Creates long-term explicit (episodic) memories

31
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Involved with planning, expressing personality, and making decisions

32
Q

Ventral prefrontal cortex

A

Critical for experiencing emotion

33
Q

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

Involved in controlling emotional responses from the amygdala and decision making

34
Q

Stress

A

The physiological and cognitive response to challenges or life changes

35
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Classifying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful

36
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Directed at evaluating if the organism can cope with the stress, based on harm, threat, and challenge

37
Q

Stressor

A

Anything that leads to a stress response and can include environment, daily events, workplace or academic settings, social expectations, chemicals, and biological stressors

38
Q

Psychological stressor examples

A

Pressure, control, predictability, frustration, and confliect

39
Q

General adaption syndrome

A

Three stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

40
Q

Stress management aspects

A

Psychological, behavioral, and spiritual

MCAT (67 decks)

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