Behavioral Sciences Ch 8. Social Processes, Attitudes, and Behavior

Question 1

Social facilitation

Answer 1

Describes the tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around

Question 2

Deindividualization

Answer 2

A loss of self-awareness in large groups switching can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Question 3

Bystander effect

Answer 3

Describes the observation that one in a group of individuals are less likely to respond to a person in need

Question 4

Peer pressure

Answer 4

Refers to the social influence placed on individuals by others they consider equals

Question 5

Group polarization

Answer 5

The tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of individual group members

Question 6

Groupthink

Answer 6

The tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas, ethics may be disturbed as pressure is created to conform and remain loyal to the group

Question 7

Culture

Answer 7

Describes the beliefs, ideas, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

The process by which a group or individual’s culture begins to melt into another culture

Question 9

Multiculturalism

Answer 9

Refers to the encouragement of multiple cultures within a community to enhance diversity

Question 10

Subcultures

Answer 10

Refer to a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong

Question 11

Socialization

Answer 11

Process of developing in spreading norms, customs, and beliefs, agents of socialization include family, peers, school, religious affiliation, and other groups

Question 12

Norms

Answer 12

Determine the boundaries of acceptable behavior within society

Question 13

Stigma

Answer 13

Extreme disapproval or dislike of a group or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society

Question 14

Deviance

Answer 14

Refers to any violation of norms, rules, expectations within a society

Question 15

Conformity

Answer 15

Changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Question 16

Compliance

Answer 16

Occurs when individuals change their behavior based on their quest of others, methods of gaining compliance include foot in the door technique, door in the face technique, lowball technique, and that’s not all technique

Question 17

Obedience

Answer 17

Change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure

Question 18

Attitudes

Answer 18

Tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or valuations or something, there are affective, behavioral, and cognitive components to attitudes

Question 19

Functional attitude theory

Answer 19

States there are four functional areas of attitudes that serve individuals in life: knowledge, ego expression, adaptability, and ego defense

Question 20

Learning theory

Answer 20

States that attitudes are developed through forms of learning: direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, and conditioning

Question 21

Elaborative likelihood model

Answer 21

States that attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration

Question 22

Central route processing

Answer 22

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Question 23

Peripheral route processing

Answer 23

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Question 24

Social cognitive theory

Answer 24

Attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors, and environment