Pharmacology - Steroid Hormones of Reproduction and Sexual Development (Exam 5) Flashcards
3 major sex hormones
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
Hormones that mediate secondary sex characteristics in females
Estrogen
Hormones that quiet uterine activity to make conditions favorable to fetal development
Progesterone
(think PRO-gestation)
Hormones that mediate secondary sex characteristics in males
Testosterone
MOA of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Estrogen – binds estrogen receptor
Progesterone – binds progesterone receptor
Testosterone – binds androgen receptor
Physiological activities that estrogen mediates
Estrogen agonist: hormone replacement therapy
Estrogen antagonists: treats breast cancer
Selective estrogen receptors modulators: can be agonists or antagonists depending on tissue
Aromatase inhibitors: prevent estrogen synthesis
Physiological activities that progestin mediates
Progestin Agonists: oral contraceptives
Progestin Antagonists: emergency contraceptives
Physiological activities that testosterone mediates
Androgen agonists: replacement therapy, muscle building, induction of puberty, anemia, osteoporosis
Androgen antagonist: prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia
MOA of sex hormones
- Lipid soluble; can easily cross membrane
- Bind intracellular receptors
- Ligand receptor complexes bind DNA and induce DNA transcription
Name an estrogen agonist/antagonist
agonist: estradiol
antagonist: fulvestrant
Name a selective estrogen receptor modulator
Raloxifene
Name an aromatase inhibitor. How does it work?
anastrozole - blocks synthesis of estrogen
Dental concerns w/ estrogen
Increase tissue growth in periodontium
Hormone-like compounds that modulate estrogen receptors
Xenoestrogens
Dental sealants in low amounts can modulate ____________ receptors
estrogen
T/F: While the body is producing high levels of progesterone, the body will NOT ovulate.
True
Name a progesterone agonist/antagonist
Agonist: levonorgesterel
Antagonist: mifeprestone
Name a partial agonist for progesterone receptors
Danazol
(Dana is mid)
Name an androgen agonist and antagonist
Agonist: danazol
Antagonist: finasteride
____________ is an androgen receptor anatgonist
Flutamide
This drug leads to downregulation of the GnRH receptors
Certorelix
Key drug interactions
- Anticoagulants
- Hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers
- HIV medication
This antibiotic can decrease levels and effectiveness of oral contraceptives and result in unwanted pregnancy b/c it inhibits P450 enzymes
Rifampin
These drugs and juice can decrease metabolism of estrogen
Fluconazole, ketoconazole, and grapefruit juice
HIV medications such as _____________ can cause metabolism of progestin
Efavirenz
The periodontium is dependent on sex steroid hormones. What does this mean?
Increased hormones protect periodontium
Potential source of xenoestrogens
Dental sealant
A 45-year-old female patient comes into your practice. The only medication she is on is a monophasic oral contraceptive. The mechanism by which this medication works is by:
activating progesterone and estrogen receptor
Xenoestrogens are best described as:
compounds that modulate estrogen receptor activity
A 60- year old male patient is suffering from Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH), which of the following treatments would be most appropriate?
Androgen receptor antagonist (Flutamide)
T/F sex hormones are related to eachother
True
T/F drugs inhibit hormone synthesis
True
All 3 sex steroids look similar, so at high concentrations there is the potential for steroid __________ to have off-target effects
agonists
