Pharmacology - Steroid Hormones of Reproduction and Sexual Development (Exam 5)

Question 1

3 major sex hormones

Answer 1

1. Estrogen
2. Progesterone
3. Testosterone

Question 2

Hormones that mediate secondary sex characteristics in females

Answer 2

Estrogen

Question 3

Hormones that quiet uterine activity to make conditions favorable to fetal development

Answer 3

Progesterone

(think PRO-gestation)

Question 4

Hormones that mediate secondary sex characteristics in males

Answer 4

Testosterone

Question 5

MOA of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Answer 5

Estrogen – binds estrogen receptor

Progesterone – binds progesterone receptor

Testosterone – binds androgen receptor

Question 6

Physiological activities that estrogen mediates

Answer 6

Estrogen agonist: hormone replacement therapy

Estrogen antagonists: treats breast cancer

Selective estrogen receptors modulators: can be agonists or antagonists depending on tissue

Aromatase inhibitors: prevent estrogen synthesis

Question 7

Physiological activities that progestin mediates

Answer 7

Progestin Agonists: oral contraceptives

Progestin Antagonists: emergency contraceptives

Question 8

Physiological activities that testosterone mediates

Answer 8

Androgen agonists: replacement therapy, muscle building, induction of puberty, anemia, osteoporosis

Androgen antagonist: prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia

Question 9

MOA of sex hormones

Answer 9

1. Lipid soluble; can easily cross membrane
2. Bind intracellular receptors
3. Ligand receptor complexes bind DNA and induce DNA transcription

Question 10

Name an estrogen agonist/antagonist

Answer 10

agonist: estradiol
antagonist: fulvestrant

Question 11

Name a selective estrogen receptor modulator

Answer 11

Raloxifene

Question 12

Name an aromatase inhibitor. How does it work?

Answer 12

anastrozole - blocks synthesis of estrogen

Question 13

Dental concerns w/ estrogen

Answer 13

Increase tissue growth in periodontium

Question 14

Hormone-like compounds that modulate estrogen receptors

Answer 14

Xenoestrogens

Question 15

Dental sealants in low amounts can modulate ____________ receptors

Answer 15

estrogen

Question 16

T/F: While the body is producing high levels of progesterone, the body will NOT ovulate.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Name a progesterone agonist/antagonist

Answer 17

Agonist: levonorgesterel
Antagonist: mifeprestone

Question 18

Name a partial agonist for progesterone receptors

Answer 18

Danazol

(Dana is mid)

Question 19

Name an androgen agonist and antagonist

Answer 19

Agonist: danazol
Antagonist: finasteride

Question 20

____________ is an androgen receptor anatgonist

Answer 20

Flutamide

Question 21

This drug leads to downregulation of the GnRH receptors

Answer 21

Certorelix

Question 22

Key drug interactions

Answer 22

1. Anticoagulants
2. Hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers
3. HIV medication

Question 23

This antibiotic can decrease levels and effectiveness of oral contraceptives and result in unwanted pregnancy b/c it inhibits P450 enzymes

Answer 23

Rifampin

Question 24

These drugs and juice can decrease metabolism of estrogen

Answer 24

Fluconazole, ketoconazole, and grapefruit juice

Question 25

HIV medications such as _____________ can cause metabolism of progestin

Answer 25

Efavirenz

Question 26

The periodontium is dependent on sex steroid hormones. What does this mean?

Answer 26

Increased hormones protect periodontium

Question 27

Potential source of xenoestrogens

Answer 27

Dental sealant

Question 28

A 45-year-old female patient comes into your practice. The only medication she is on is a monophasic oral contraceptive. The mechanism by which this medication works is by:

Answer 28

activating progesterone and estrogen receptor

Question 29

Xenoestrogens are best described as:

Answer 29

compounds that modulate estrogen receptor activity

Question 30

A 60- year old male patient is suffering from Benign Prostate Hypertrophy (BPH), which of the following treatments would be most appropriate?

Answer 30

Androgen receptor antagonist (Flutamide)

Question 31

T/F sex hormones are related to eachother

Answer 31

True

Question 32

T/F drugs inhibit hormone synthesis

Answer 32

True

Question 33

All 3 sex steroids look similar, so at high concentrations there is the potential for steroid __________ to have off-target effects

Answer 33

agonists