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D1 Spring > Pharmacology - Antivirals and Antifungals (Exam 5) > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Antivirals and Antifungals (Exam 5) Flashcards

1
Q

3 major antifungal drug classes

A

Polyenes
Azoles
Echinocandins

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2
Q

Other agents (not part of main antifungal drug classes)

A

Flucytosine
Thiocarbamate
Oxaborole
Griseofulvin

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3
Q

Fungi are characterized by a cell membrane containing ____________ and a cell wall

A

ergosterol

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4
Q

What does it mean to say something is dimorphism?

A

Exists as mold or yeast (Mold in the Cold, Yeast in the Heat)

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5
Q

Opportunistic mycoses cause infections in ___________________ pts

A

immunocompromised

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6
Q

Superficial infections can be treated with?

A

Topical drugs

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7
Q

Genetic material within an organic particle that invades living cells and uses their host’s metabolic processes to reproduce.

A

Virus

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8
Q

MOA of polyenes

A

Bind ergosterol
Alters membrane permeability
Cell leaks
Death

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9
Q

Drug of choice for oral candidal infections

A

Polyenes

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10
Q

Name some side effects of polyenes

A

No absorption from skin
Allergy
Hypokalemia

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11
Q

Examples of azoles

A

Imidazole
Triazoles

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12
Q

MOA of azole

A

Inhibit the synthesis of fungal ergosterol

Inhibits conversion of lanosterol -> ergosterol

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13
Q

Adverse effects of azoles

A

Hypokalemia
Liver dysfunction
Heart failure (rare)
Drug-drug interactions

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14
Q

Clinical uses for azoles

A

Fungal infections of the body and skin like athlete’s foot, oral candidiasis, and ringworm

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15
Q

Suffix of echinocandins

A

“-fungin”

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16
Q

MOA of echinocandins (KNOW THIS)

A

Inhibit synthesis of beta(1,3)-D-glucan

(an essential component of the fungal cell wall!!!)

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17
Q

Adverse effects of echindocandins

A

Common (like histamine-mediated symptoms), rash, facial swelling, and pruritus

Hepatic toxicity and hypokalemia

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18
Q

Clinical use of echinocandins

A

Invasive candiadiasis

19
Q

The newest echinocandin

A

Anidulafungin

20
Q

MOA of flucytosine (KNOW)

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis and production of defective RNA

21
Q

T/F: Flucytosine is well absorbed from the GI tract

A

True

22
Q

Adverse effects of flucytosine

A

Dose related and reversible depression of the bone marrow (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia)

23
Q

MOA of griseofulvin

A

Inhibits mitosis

24
Q

3 types of oral candidiasis

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Angular chelitis
25
Q

4 major anti-viral drug classes

A
  1. Anti-influenza
  2. Anti-herpetic
  3. Anti-viral hepatitis
  4. Anti-HIV
26
Q

MOA of anti-influenza drugs

A

Block the uncoating process

Inhibit viral neuraminidase activity

27
Q

Approved anti-influenza drugs (3)

A

M2 blockers
N inhibitors
RdRp inhibitors

28
Q

Suffix of anti-herpes drugs

A

“-clovir”

29
Q

MOA of anti-herpes drugs

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase

30
Q

T/F: Herpes simplex is not persistent, it will go away eventually

A

False!! It’s very persistent and it’s a lifelong illness

31
Q

How many hepatitis viruses are there? Which ones are the most common?

A

5 viruses
B and C are most common

32
Q

MOA of antiviral hepatitis B treatment

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase

Immune modulators (interferons)

33
Q

MOA of interferons for antiviral hepatitis B treatment

A

Degrade RNA
Inhibit protein synthesis
Activate macrophages

34
Q

T/F: There is no complete cure for hepatitis B

A

True

35
Q

Adverse effects of hep B treatment

A

Increased pulse rate and temp
Decreased WBC count
Headache
Somnolence
Malaise

36
Q

What is the purpose of PEGylation of interferons?

A

increase the half-life, so there is less frequent dosing

37
Q

How is hep C transmitted?

A

Blood
Body fluids

38
Q

Newest treatment for hep C that cures up to 90%

A

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)

39
Q

Suffix of anti-HIV drugs

A

“-vir”
“-navir”
“-tegravir”

40
Q

Root of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

“vir” in middle

41
Q

Suffix of protease inhibitors

A

“-navir”

42
Q

Suffix of integrase stand transfer inhibitors

A

”–tegravir”

43
Q

What is so special about HAART treatment?

A

Treatment regimen typically comprised of a combination of 3 or more antiretroviral drugs

44
Q

HAART slide

A

D1 Spring (47 decks)

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