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D1 Spring > Pharmacology - Anti-Muscarinic Drugs and Drugs Affecting Nicotinic Receptors (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Anti-Muscarinic Drugs and Drugs Affecting Nicotinic Receptors (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the effects of anti-cholinergic drugs (muscarinic antagonists)?

A

Opposite of SLUDGE

Decreased salivation, sweating
Decreased urination
Decreased defecation
Decreased GI motility

(anti-cholinergics BLOCK rest and digest)

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2
Q

What are the physiological effects of anti-cholinergic (muscarinic antagonists) in the lungs and heart?

A

Bronchodilation
Increased HR

(CAN be used for asthma/COPD pts)

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3
Q

What are the natural alkaloid anti-muscarinics?

A

Atropine
Scopolamine

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4
Q

What are the anti-muscarinic drugs? (4)

A

Atropine
Benztropine
Ipratropium
Scopolamine

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5
Q

Anti-cholinergic drugs are _________ agents

A

parasympatholytic

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6
Q

What is a GI side effect of anti-cholinergic drugs?

A

Constipation

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7
Q

What are the effects of anti-cholinergics in the eye?

A

Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Cycloplegia (loss of accommodation)

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8
Q

Anti-cholinergics can make _______ worse

A

Glaucoma

(you want to constrict the pupil in pts with glaucoma, not dilate)

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9
Q

What else are anti-cholinergics used to treat?

A

Motion sickness (scopolamine)
Parkinson’s

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of anti-cholinergic drugs?

A

Xerostomia

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11
Q

What are the contraindications of anti-cholinergics?

A

Glaucoma
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Urinary obstruction/retention
GI obstruction
Cardiovascular disease

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12
Q

What is the antidote for anti-cholinergics?

A

Anti-cholinesterases (AChE inhibitor)

(and vice versa)

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13
Q

Nicotinic receptor drugs work on which nervous systems?

A

Somatic (skeletal muscle)
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Nicotinic receptors are _______ receptors that _______ selectively binds to

A

ACh
nicotine

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15
Q

What drug is a competitive antagonist for muscle-type nicotinic receptors?

A

Curare

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16
Q

What effect does Curare (competitive antagonist) have on muscles?

A

Paralysis

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17
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found in the somatic nervous system?

A

Neuromuscular junction

18
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found in the SNS and PSNS?

A

Autonomic ganglia (postganglionic)

Adrenal medulla (for SNS only)

19
Q

What are the 2 types of nicotinic receptors?

A

Neuronal-type (NN)
Muscle-type (NM)

20
Q

Where are neuronal-type nicotinic receptors found?

A

SNS
PSNS

21
Q

Where are muscle-type nicotinic receptors found?

A

Somatic nervous system

22
Q

Nicotinic receptors are ligand-gated ___________ channels

A

Na+ (sodium)

23
Q

When ACh binds to the ligand-gated Na+ channels (nicotinic receptors), what happens?

A

Depolarization and action potential

24
Q

Nicotine causes ________ because it stimulates the _______ pathway in the brain to cause _______ and _________

A

addiction; reward; pleasure and euphoria

25
Q

What receptors do neuromuscular junctional blockers work on?

A

muscle-type nicotinic receptors (somatic nervous system)

26
Q

What are the 2 types of neuromuscular junctional blockers?

A
  1. Non-depolarizing
  2. Depolarizing
27
Q

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular junctional blockers work as ___________ _________

A

competitive antagonists

(Ex: Curare)

28
Q

What is the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular junctional blockers?

A

No depolarization
No muscle contraction

You get flaccid paralysis

29
Q

Depolarizing neuromuscular junctional blockers work as __________

A

agonists

30
Q

What is the effect of depolarizing neuromuscular junctional blockers?

A

Depolarization
Action potential
Muscle contraction (initially)

31
Q

Too much depolarizing neuromuscular junctional blockers eventually causes…

A

Receptor inactivation
Paralysis

(Desensitization)

32
Q

Curare blocks _________ nicotinic receptors

A

muscle-type

33
Q

What drug is a depolarizing neuromuscular junctional blocker?

A

Succinylcholine

34
Q

Neuromuscular junctional blockers are frequently used in __________

A

anesthesia

35
Q

What is the adverse effect of neuromuscular junctional blockers?

A

Death from respiratory failure

(due to paralysis of diaphragm)

36
Q

What are the 2 major types of cholinesterase?

A

AChE
BChE (plasma)

37
Q

Which cholinesterase is critical for life?

A

AChE

38
Q

Which cholinesterase is NOT critical for life?

A

BChE

39
Q

Which cholinesterase plays a role in succinylcholine (aka hydrolyzes succinylcholine)?

A

BChE

(also called psuedo-cholinesterase)

40
Q

What is an adverse effect of succinylcholine?

A

Prolonged duration of action

(due to deficiency in BChE)

D1 Spring (47 decks)

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