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D1 Spring > Pharmacology - Immunopharmacology (Exam 5) > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Immunopharmacology (Exam 5) Flashcards

1
Q

3 features of modulation

A
  1. Induction
  2. Enhancement
  3. Suppression
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2
Q

2 main components of the immune system

A
  1. Cells
  2. Immune mediators
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3
Q

Name 2 immune mediators

A
  1. Cytokines
  2. Humoral antibodies
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4
Q

Describe the basics of the immune system

A

Immune system is split into innate and adaptive immunity:

Innate = physical barriers + blood-borne

Adaptive (think specific!!) = B cells (humoral) + T cells (cell-mediated)

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5
Q

Purpose of physical barriers

A

Stops entry of pathogens

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6
Q

Purpose of B cells

A

Make antibodies that activate the complement cascade

(which in turn will activate an alternative pathway and activate innate immunity)

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7
Q

Function of T cells

A

Death of damaged or infected body cells

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8
Q

T/F innate and adaptive immunity work together

A

True

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9
Q

Activation of __________ is the necessary first step for the induction of adaptive immunity

A

APCs = monocytes, B cells, and DC’s

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10
Q

First encounter of a naive T cell w/ the antigen on a mature dendritic cell

A

Priming

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11
Q

B cell receptors are more specific. Why?

A

They can recognize secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural features

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12
Q

Differences b/w MHC I and MHC II

A

MHC I = deliver peptides originating from cytosol

MHC II = deliver peptides from vesicular compartments

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13
Q

MHC I activates _____ cells while MHC II activates ______ cells

A

I - CD8 cytotoxic
II - CD4 helper and B cells

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14
Q

The variable region of Ig is called the?

A

Antibody segment - Fab

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15
Q

The six hypervariable regions in each arm of the antibody are ___________ to the antigen

A

Complementary

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16
Q

Predominant cells in acute inflammation

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

Immune responses are usually initiated by an immediate inflammatory reaction resulting from the activation of ____________ factors

A

Soluble

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18
Q

When helper T cells are activated, they have 2 actions. What are they?

A
  1. activate cytokines
  2. activate B cells to make antibodies
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19
Q

An antigen receptor formed is rigorously tested against?

A

Self-peptides

20
Q

Two methods that effector cells use to kill targets

A
  1. apoptosis - caspases
  2. cytolysis - granzymes
21
Q

These cells mediate direct cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

A

NK cells

22
Q

When NK cells interact with tumor cells, they lose cytotoxicity but gain the ability to secrete cytokines, a concept that has been coined

A

Split anergy

23
Q

2 methods to terminate immune responses

A
  1. propiocidal apoptosis
  2. immune regulation & suppression
24
Q

The largest and most important part of the immune system

A

mucosal immune system

25
Q

Name 3 cells found throughout the mucosa

A
  1. lymphocytes
  2. macrophages
  3. dendritic cells
26
Q

The mucosal antibody

A

IgA!!

27
Q

donor was immunized with an antigen, and a recipient host was then injected with the protective antibodies generated by the donor

A

passive immunization

28
Q

The suffix of the monoclonal antibody tells us the % of human. (KNOW THIS)
-omab
-ximab
-zumab
-umab

A

omab = 0%
ximab = 65%
zumab = >90%
umab = 100%

29
Q

Examples of immunophilin ligands (3)

A
  1. Cyclosporine
  2. Tacrolimus
  3. Sirolimus
30
Q

MOA of immunophilin ligands

A

Bind Cyclophines

31
Q

Thalidomide and lenalidomide have powerful ____________ effects

A

teratogenic

32
Q

MOA of cytotoxic drugs

A

Kill lymphocytes
Interfere w/ proliferative stage of immune response

33
Q

Interleukins can treat

A

hematopoietic deficiencies

34
Q

Interleukins can treat __________ at high doses, but they treat ___________ at low doses

A

cancer; autoimmune diseases

35
Q

Difference b/w TH1 and TH2 cytokines

A

TH1 - cytosolic
TH2 - extracellular

36
Q

When dendritic cell encounters cancer, it activates?

A

T helper cell or cytotoxic

37
Q

Tumors promote the expansion of suppressor cells like

A

Treg and myeloid-derived suppressor cells

38
Q

Tumor cells can express ________ which binds to ________ on T effector cells to induce exhaustion

A

PD-L1; PD-1

39
Q

4 main immunotherapies for cancer treatment

A
  1. T cell receptors
  2. chimeric antigen receptor
  3. tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
  4. NK cells
40
Q

T/F: Triazoles are more selective for fungal cyt P450 than imidazoles

A

True

41
Q

How does a tumor induce immunosuppression?

A
  1. They will express suppressor cells like Treg and myeloid-derived suppressor cells
  2. The tumor cells will also express PDL-1 which binds to PD-1 on the dendritic cell
  3. This induces exhaustion
42
Q

Bee venom is a good model for what kind of procedures?

A

Cytokine therapy

It’s associated w/ a TH2 -> TH1 shift and this favors IgG instead of IgE

43
Q

How to recognize chimeric antibody

A

-xi root

Examples: infliximab, rituximab and abciximab

44
Q

Chimeric antibodies contain __________ constant domain and ____________ variable domains.

A

human; mouse

45
Q

Antigen exposure converts B cells into

A

lymphoblasts

46
Q

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR/T cells) combine both antibody like recognition site with

A

T-cell activating function

47
Q

Why are NK cells expanded and delivered to patients?

A

Eliminate cancer stem cells and differentiation of the remaining tumors to inhibit cancer metastasis

D1 Spring (47 decks)

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