Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D1 Spring > Pharmacology - Antihypertensive Drugs (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Antihypertensive Drugs (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the antihypertensive drug classes?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. ACE Inhibitors
  3. Angiotensin antagonists
  4. Calcium channel blockers
  5. Beta blockers
  6. a1 blockers
  7. Renin inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of diuretics?

A

Lose salt
Lose water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the effect of diuretics?

A

Decrease BP and blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do ACE inhibitors target?

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Alodersterone (RAA) system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mechanism of ACE inhibitors?

A

Inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) from converting angiotensin I into angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A
  1. Increase aldosterone (leads to increased Na+ reabsorption, water retention, and blood volume)
  2. Increase vasoconstriction and thirst (leads to increased resistance and water intake)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What suffix do ACE inhibitors have?

A

“-pril”

(think: April)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the other mechanism of ACE inhibitors?

A

Increase level of bradykinin, which makes ACE inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does increasing the level of bradykinin cause?

A

Vasodilation
Cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the main benefits of ACE inhibitors?

A
  1. Decreased angiotensin II and aldosterone levels
  2. Increased bradykinin levels
  3. Increased vasodilation
  4. Decreased BP and blood volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ACE inhibitors have ____________ effect even in patients without _________ activities

A

antihypertensive; high-renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F ACE inhibitors have little effect on cardiac output

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F ACE inhibitors cause orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F ACE inhibitors do not induce salt and water retention

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ACE inhibitors cause _________ mortality in patients following acute myocardial infarction and chronic systolic heart failure

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ACE inhibitors cause ________ chronic hypertension-induced ________ damage

A

decreased; renal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ACE inhibitors have protective effects in __________ patients

A

diabetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F ACE inhibitors cause increased deterioration of renal function in diabetic nephropathy

A

FALSE, they cause decreased deterioration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? (VERY IMPORTANT FOR EXAM)

A
  1. Dry cough
  2. Reduced taste
  3. Angioedema
  4. Hyperkalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in which patients?

A

Pregnant women

21
Q

What is the mechanism of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers/Antagonists (ARBs)?

A

Inhibit angiotensin II

22
Q

What suffix do Angiotensin Receptor Blockers/Antagonists (ARBs) have?

A

“-sartan”

(think: art = Angiotensin Receptor anTagonist)

23
Q

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers/Antagonists (ARBs) are selective for what receptor?

A

AT1 receptor

(angiotensin II receptor type 1)

24
Q

What do AT1 receptors do when activated?

A

Vasoconstriction (increase BP)

25
Q

What do AT2 receptors do when activated?

A

Vasodilation

26
Q

What drug is a renin inhibitor?

A

Aliskiren

27
Q

What is the mechanism of renin inhibitors? What does renin do?

A

Inhibits renin, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the RAA system

28
Q

What are the 3 RAA system inhibitors?

A
  1. ACE inhibitors
  2. Angiotensin receptor blockers/antagonists
  3. Renin inhibitor
29
Q

What can the RAA system inhibitors cause?

A

Hyperkalemia
Hypotension

30
Q

What are the contraindications of RAA system inhibitors?

A

Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Pregnancy

31
Q

What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?

A

Block calcium channels; causes relaxation and vasodilation

32
Q

What are the 2 main groups of calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?

A
  1. Non-dihydropyridines
  2. Dihydropyridines
33
Q

What drugs are non-dihydropyridines?

A
  1. Verapamil
  2. Diltiazem
34
Q

What suffix do dihydropyridines have?

A

“-dipine”

(think: 2 pine trees on their side looks like a B, so they are CCBs)

35
Q

What do non-dihydropyridines do?

A

Decrease contractility

36
Q

What do dihydropyridines do?

A

Increase vasodilation

37
Q

What do CCBs cause in membrane potential?

A

Slow depolarization
Increase length of phase 0

(causes decreased automaticity, conduction speed, HR)

38
Q

Which drugs are sympatholytic?

A
  1. B blockers (“-lol”)
  2. Selective a1 blockers (“-osin”)
  3. Centrally acting a2 agonists (ex: clonidine)
39
Q

What do B blockers cause in membrane potential?

A

Block sympathetic stimulation; inhibits the steep sympathetic “slope”

40
Q

What drugs are direct acting vasodilators?

A
  1. Hydralazine
  2. Minoxidil
41
Q

T/F Controlling hypertension often requires multiple drug therapies

A

True

42
Q

What are the compensatory mechanisms your body has when taking direct acting vasodilators to decrease BP?

What drug can be added to resist the compensatory mechanism?

A
  1. Baroreceptor reflex and increased sympathetic discharge -> reflex tachycardia (increases HR); B blockers can resist this
  2. Decreased renal artery perfusion pressure -> increased renin and fluid retention; ACEI and ARBs can resist this
43
Q

What is a non-pharmacological approach for hypertension?

A

Decreased Na+ intake

44
Q

Sudden and severe increase in BP

A

Hypertensive emergency

44
Q

Blood pressure drugs can cause __________ ___________

A

Orthostatic hypotension

44
Q

What is the formula for blood pressure?

A

BP = Flow x TPR

(flow = cardiac output)

44
Q

Stress + __________ = hypertensive crisis (in uncontrolled hypertension)

A

Epinephrine

45
Q

What is hypertension defined as?

A

> than or = to 140/90

46
Q

What increases risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal, and retinal damage?

A

Hypertension

D1 Spring (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions