ICD Final Flashcards
1
Q
How to assess HR
A
Palpate radial pulse
2
Q
Normal resting pulse range
A
60-100 bpm
3
Q
Bradycardia
A
< 60 bpm
4
Q
Tachycardia
A
> 100 bpm
5
Q
Measurement of the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system (arteries).
A
Blood pressure
6
Q
Closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls
A
Blood pressure
7
Q
Measurement of pressure in the arteries when the heart CONTRACTS and blood is forced from chambers into the arteries
A
Systolic BP
8
Q
Measurement of pressure in the arteries when the heart is AT REST, between contractions
A
Diastolic BP
9
Q
“Constant pressure” in the arteries
A
Diastolic BP
10
Q
Difference between systolic BP and diastolic BP
A
Pulse pressure
11
Q
Normal BP
A
120/80
12
Q
Normal pulse pressure
A
40 mmHg
13
Q
BP recording
A
Indicate position, which arm, and size of cuff.
RAS (right arm sitting), LAS (left arm sitting)
14
Q
What do you palpate when you take BP manually?
A
Brachial artery
15
Q
BP variations
A
Anxiety
Pain
Position
Time of day
Physical activity
Full bladder
Age
Chemical substances (nicotine, caffeine)
Disease states (cardiovascular, kidney disease)
16
Q
How to take respiratory rate
A
Observe the rise and fall of a patient’s chest
17
Q
Normal respiratory rate
A
10-14 breaths/min
18
Q
Bradypnea
A
< 10 RR
19
Q
Tachypnea
A
> 20 RR
20
Q
Dyspnea
A
Shortness of breath
21
Q
Orthopnea
A
Shortness of breath related to recumbent position
22
Q
Normal temp
A
98.6
23
Q
Fever
A
> 100
24
Q
Hypothermia
A
< 94.0
25
Alterations in normal body temperature
Disease process
Physical activity
Environmental temp
26
What do we use to take temp?
Tempadot (blue dot)
NexTemp (black dot)
27
What does the last dot indicate on Tempadot and NexTemp?
The temperature
28
How to use Tempadot and NexTemp
Place under the tongue, as far back as possible, into one of the heat pockets.
Wait 60 seconds, but less than 2 min to remove from pt and wait 10 more sec to read temp.
29
Normal O2 saturation/pulse ox
95-100
30
Types of cardiac rhythms
Regular
Regularly irregular
Irregularly irregular
31
Hypertension
Systolic BP > or = to 140 OR
Diastolic BP > or = to 90
32
To diagnose someone with hypertension, it must be recorded in ____ or more readings on ____ or more occasions
2; 2
33
Treatment for hypertension
Diuretics
ACE/ARB
B blockers
CCBs
Vasodilators
Centrally acting agents
34
Hypotension
Decrease in systolic & diastolic BP below normal with accompanying symptoms (dizziness)
35
Causes of hypotension
Cardiac insufficiency
Decrease blood volume (dehydration, hemorrhage)
Burns
Shock
Severe infection
36
Medical emergency station locations in basement
Vending machine
37
Medical emergency station locations in 1st floor
Oral surgery
Radiology
South hall
Emergency clinic
38
Medical emergency station locations in 2nd floor
Between Alpha and Bravo
Between Echo and Foxtrot
39
Medical emergency station locations in 3rd floor
Perio/Endo
Ortho/Pedo
40
One cycle of CPR
30 chest compressions
2 breaths
41
How long does it take to do 5 cycles of CPR if they are given at the rate of 100/min?
2 mins
42
CPR steps
CAB (compression, airway, breathing)
43
What do you do if there is a pulse but no breath?
Give 1 breath every 5 seconds
44
What must you do before starting CPR
Check your surroundings
45
When to use Nasal Cannula (O2 tank bag) and flow
Pt. can breath through nose, good for those who hate tight spaces
Flow = 1-6 LPM
46
When to use Ambu Bag (O2 tank bag) and flow
Pt not breathing - CPR necessary
Flow = 25 LPM (MAX)
47
When to use Quick Connect (Green/Black) Positive Pressure Mask (O2 tank bag) and flow
Pt is not breathing - CPR necessary
Flow = 0
*never have flow control valve running!!!!
48
Which O2 delivery system is ULSD's 1st choice?
Quick Connect (Green/Black) Positive Pressure Mask (O2 tank bag)
49
When to use CPR Facemask and flow
Pts who can’t breathe well through nose, higher O2 content, covers mouth and nose
Flow = 6-15
50
In emergency kit and used for manual glucose monitoring
Glucometer
51
In emergency kit and used for bleeding control
Tourniquet
52
In emergency kit and used for reversing effects of opioid overdose; last 30 - 90 minutes
Narcan nasal spray (4mg)
53
In emergency kit and used for anaphylaxis/severe immediate hypersensitivity rxns; hold for 10 seconds
EpiPen 1 adult single dose (0.3mg)
54
In emergency kit and used for
55
In emergency kit and used for anaphylaxis or severe immediate hypersensitivity rxns
Epinephrine 1:1000 1mg/1ml (inject SQ/IM)
56
In emergency kit and used for symptomatic relief of allergic symptoms caused by histamine release (nasal allergies and allergic dermatosis); adjunct to epinephrine in anaphylaxis tx
Benadryl 50 mg/ml (inject 1ml IM)
Benadryl tabs (25mg)
57
In emergency bag and used for tx or prevention of angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin sublingual tabs (0.4mg)
58
In emergency bag and used for tx of hypoglycemia
Instaglucose gel
Glucose tabs (dextrose)
59
In emergency bag and used for prevention/tx of fainting
Ammonia inhalants
60
In emergency bag and used for tx or prevention of bronchospasm in patients with asthma or exercise-induced bronchospasm
Ventolin/Albuterol Inhaler
61
In emergency bag and used for ischemic stroke/attack and acute coronary syndromes
Aspirin tabs
62
Limp body, pale/clammy face, blue fingernails or lips, vomiting, slow breathing/heartbeat, constricted/pinpoint pupils
Opioid OD
63
How to treat opioid OD
Narcan, put pt in recovery position, give second dose if necessary
64
Passed out, loss of consciousness, BP/HR slow and weak
Syncope
65
How to treat syncope
Ammonia, Oxygen, supine position, loosen clothing and cool towel, monitor HR and RR, give CPR if needed
66
Due to anxiety or panic attack, increased RR/HR, rapid and deep breathing
Hyperventilation
67
How to treat hyperventilation
Make pt comfortable, calm them down, make pt breathe into a paper bag, call 911 if LOC and use Ammonia
68
Tightness in chest, feel constricted, dyspepsia (indigestion), pain can radiate to neck, jaw or left arm
Chest pain/angina pectoris
69
How to treat chronic stable angina vs an acute attack
Chronic stable angina Tx: Nitroglycerin and Oxygen if trouble breathing/pale
Acute attack Tx: call 911, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
70
Rapid pulse, hangry, confused, normal/decreased BP, pale, dizzy, weak
Hypoglycemia
71
How to treat hypoglycemia
Take BS (blood sugar) (normal is 80-120), have pt eat and give Glucose gel/tabs if low
if BS> 200 is NOT hypoglycemia DO NOT give sugar they need insulin
72
Mild (itching, rash, nasal congestion, sneezing)
Moderate (slight face swelling, itching, no trouble breathing)
Severe (severe face swelling, hives, respiratory wheezing or trouble breathing, cardiac arrest/anaphylaxis, severe decreased BP, rapid weak pulse)
Allergic rxn
73
How to treat allergic rxn
Benadryl tabs/injection
Epipen (inject SQ in leg, hold for 10 secs)
Epinephrine
74
LOC, oozing of saliva, grand mal-tonic/clonic convulsions, eye flickering, mouth twitching
Seizure
75
How to treat seizures
Oxygen, CPR as needed, call 911, get pt safe and to the floor if needed, roll them to the side
76
Wheezing, BP is normal or slightly elevated, cyanosis, trouble breathing
Asthma attack
77
How to treat asthma attack
Albuterol inhaler, calm pt, if inhaler doesn’t help inject epinephrine
78
Facial drooping, slurred/abnormal speech, can’t hold one arm up, squeeze of hands different
Stroke
79
How to treat a stroke
Hospital immediately - 911, careful with Aspirin 325mg, Oxygen
80
T/F The flow control should NOT be adjusted when using resuscitator valve for quick connect mask, O2 is flowing directly from the tank
True
81
An imaginary line that is drawn across the soft palate and marks the beginning of the movement in the soft palate when the individual says “ah”
Vibrating line
82
Line that indicates the division between the movable and immovable portion of the soft palate
Vibrating line
83
Extending from one hamular notch to the other
Vibrating line
84
Primary sensory nerve to the face
CN V
85
Maxillary teeth and gingiva, palate
CN V2 (maxillary division)
86
Mandibular teeth and gingiva, tongue and floor of the mouth
CN V3 (mandibular divison)
87
Primary artery to the face
Branches of external carotid artery
88
Depression between the anterior border of the ramus and the temporal crest (internal oblique crest)
Retromandibular fossa/triangle
89
Soft tissue overlying the retromolar fossa
Retromolar pad
90
Depression on medial aspect of mandible
-Path of nerve to mylohyoid
-Begins near lingula
-Will travel below attachment of the mylohyoid muscle
Mylohyoid fossa (groove)
91
Separates the nasal cavity above from the oral cavity below; oral surface covered with oral mucosa tightly bound to underlying bone.
Hard palate
92
Rounded elevation distal to last maxillary molar
Maxillary tuberosity
93
Pterygomaxillary notch
Where maxilla meets the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone; medial pterygoid plate ends inferiorly as the hamulus
Hamular notch
94
Small depression between hard and soft palate; openings of common collecting ducts of minor palatine gland; inconsistent
Palatine fovea
95
Convergence of several muscles at the corner of the mouth
Modiolus
96
Arises from medial maxilla and mandible; inserts into mucous membrane of lips; surrounds mouth and closes mouth
Orbicularis oris
97
Contracts the skin of chin and raises lower labial sulcus
Mentalis
98
Attaches to lateral aspects of mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes and to the pterygomandibular raphe; compresses cheek against teeth
Buccinator
99
100
Elevates and protrudes the mandible
Masseter
101
Creates boundary between floor of the mouth structures and superficial neck structures; courses from internal mandible to hyoid bone; pulls on muscle for bone growth
Mylohyoid
102
Powder material, irreversible hydrocolloid
Alginate
103
Regular set alginate
Working time = 2-3 minutes
Setting time = 2-3 minutes
104
Fast set alginate
Working time = 1-2 minutes
Setting time = 1 minute
105
Alginate particles are comprised of:
Salts of alginic acid (a product of marine kelp)
Activator (ex: calcium sulfate)
Retarder (ex: sodium phosphate)
Inert filler
Flavoring
106
Syneresis
Lose water/dry out
107
Imbibition
Absorb water
108
What can affect the dimensional stability of an alginate impression after it sets?
Surrounding atmospheric conditions
Immersing the impression in water
Leaving it dry on the counter with no wet paper towel.
109
What temperature of water will slow down the reaction time of the impression, causing the need to leave the impression in the patient’s mouth longer?
Cold
110
NEVER pour or place the following into a drain without a trap:
-Stone powder
-Stone mixture
-Stone slurry
-Stone dust
-Stone pieces
111
The key to a good impression is the
fit of the tray
112
Purpose of Impression
accurately record the oral tissues and their spatial relationships.
113
Steps for making an impression
1. Try in impression tray
2. Always use wax on the tray! `
3. Insert by retraction & rotation
4. Center over the arch (R/L; Ant/Post)
5. Center handle on midline (philtrum/nose)
6. Seat the posterior portion of the tray first, then seat the anterior
7. Adjust the lips so they are outside the flanges (on the mandible, ask them to stick their tongue gently up and out then relax)
8. Disinfect the spatula & scoop prior to placing it back in the alginate
9. Removing maxillary impressions: UP, then DOWN
10. Removing mandibular impressions: DOWN, the UP
11. Bleach only first then wrap the impression in wet paper towels and place within a bag
12. Pour up the impression within 15 minutes after taking it
13. Make sure the sink is cleaned out and the floor is swept
Remember: Never leave an impression in the mouth without your fingers.
114
What should you never ask before taking an impression?
Are you a gagger?
Do you have a bad gag reflex?
115
How to distract every patient when taking impression
Instruct the patient to wiggle their toes, lean forward, do random things like rotate their left wrist
Can also place salt on the tongue
116
What 2 other things could you do for a bad gagger?
Nitrous Oxide sedation
Topical anesthetic (last resort)
117
Anatomical Barriers of Good Impressions
High-Vaulted Palate “High-Arched” “Gothic Palate”
Mandibular Tori
Maxillary Torus
Buccal Exostoses
118
Creating the cast
Powder to water ratio = 1 pouch of quick stone + 40 ml of water
Surfactant reduces bubbles
Silly putty for tongue space
119
Never leave a cast in __________ overnight
alginate
120
If not trimming immediately, soak cast in water for ___________ prior to trimming. Why?
5-10 mins
Fast, smoother, lengthens lifespan of cutting wheel
121
Always do what before trimming casts?
TURN THE WATER ON
122
Why fluff the alginate before opening?
For proper air/particle content
123
T/F When measuring alginate powder, you should firmly compress the alginate into the scoop using the spatula?
False
124
You notice your patient becoming nervous and breathing heavily. You record their respiratory rate as 25. What is the patient currently experiencing in reference to respiration?
Tachypnea
125
T/F D1 students can access any patient they want in the axiUm EHR system
False
126
T/F According to the pre-class assignment, axiUm contains patient records including their medical history and dental history
True
127
T/F The ULSD axiUm mail system (Amail) is HIPPA compliant and safe to transfer patient information from one Amail address to another Amail address
True
128
Use _______ ________ for Dr. Schroeder’s sanity
spell check
129
Where is the PARTS note found?
Under treatment history tab
130
P
Plan - what you are doing today
131
A
Assessment - mhx, vitals, dx data, thoughts, dx
132
R
Rx - what prescription did you write/give pt
133
T
Treatment - specific step by step of what tx you provided
134
Strategy
Next visit/plans for pt
135
How to input codes
Tx Plans -> Planned Tx -> click on “tooth P” to add code
136
How to add a note
Tx Hx -> Notes -> click on “notebook with plus sign” to add note (general note, clinical coursework, no covid issue)
137
Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework
Intellectual standards→Elements of reasoning→Intellectual traits→Intellectual standards
138
Accuracy, precision, clarity, depth, significance, relevance, logic, fairness
Intellectual standards
139
Humility, perseverance, autonomy, empathy, fair-minded, integrity, courage
Intellectual traits
140
Intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating info gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action
Critical thinking
141
You should always document any medical/dental history on _____ (diagnostic images) and receive/send out referrals in ________
chart; writing
142
What should you get from pt. before a procedure?
Written consent
143
What should you give the pt. before a procedure?
Info to make the best choice
144
Informed consent only protects against what?
Non-negligent treatment
145
Guidelines for online reviews (3)
Monitor online reputation
Be professional when replying to online reviews
Always maintain pt privacy/HIPAA
146
A disorder of mental and adaptive functioning
Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders.
147
Characteristics of Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders
Challenged by the skills they use in everyday life
Is not a disease or mental illness
Developmental disability that varies in severity
Usually associated with physical problems
148
It is a medical disorder affecting the neurological system (generally the brain) during the period of a person’s life in which they are experiencing rapid neurological development – from the point of conception to early adulthood
Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders.
149
4 categories of Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders.
Medical
Brain damage
Genetic
Psychiatric
150
Common disorders of Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders.
Autism (psychiatric)
Down Syndrome(genetic)
Fragile X Syndrome (genetic)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (medical)***preventable!!
Cerebral Palsy (brain damage)
151
Access to Health Care issues
Live in nursing homes, group homes, adult day programs, intermediate care facilities
Difficult to get to a dentist office
152
Typical oral health issues
Periodontal Disease
Dental Caries
Malocclusion
Missing Permanent Teeth and Delayed Eruption
Teeth with developmental defects (Enamel Hypoplasia)
Damaging Oral Habits
Trauma and Injury
153
Mental Strategies for care
Reduce distractions
Communication with Caregiver
Communication with Patient
Consistency
Active Listening
154
Behavior Strategies for care
Communication with Caregiver
Scheduling
Reward/Compliments
155
Physical Strategies for care
Maintain clear path
Wheelchair transfer
156
Cardiovascular Anomalies
Mitral valve prolapse
157
Seizures
Frequency, med control, triggers
158
Visual Impairments strategy for care
Pt. may use other senses to connect with
159
Hearing Loss and Deafness strategy for care
Adjust or turn off hearing aid, dental equipment may cause auditory discomfort
If pt. reads lips, speak in normal cadence and tone
160
Caregiver oral health techniques
Give oral health instruction to caregiver
Create oral hygiene education community programs
161
Oral Hygiene positioning when treating patients with Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders
Stand behind person with patient seated or lying down
Stabilize patient’s head
162
Modifications when treating patients with Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders
Inability to reach mouth: extended handle
Difficulty holding brush: use a wider handle, strap, or tennis ball
163
Armamentrarium for treating patients with Neurodevelopmental/ Intellectual Developmental disorders
Surround toothbrush
Collis curve brush
Suction toothbrush
Mouth props
Papoose (kid burrito)
Fluoride treatment
164
Appropriate communication principles for pediatric patients
Tell show do
Voice control
Positive reinforcements
Distractions
Modeling
165
Controlled modulation of voice to direct the patient’s behaviors; should only be done with parents permission; should never be done in anger
Voice control pediatric technique
166
Reward positive behavior
Social rewards (voice tone, praise)
Nonsocial rewards (tokens, prizes)
Positive reinforcement pediatric technique
167
Divert the child's attention from what might be perceived as unpleasant
Visual (TV, tablet)
Auditory (story telling, music)
Distractions pediatric technique
168
Dentist demonstrates while sibling watches
Modeling pediatric technique
169
Treatment options for children
Encourage child to drink water and reduce exposure to sugary drinks
Fillings/crowns/extractions
Nonoperative treatment
Medical immobilization
Sedation
General anesthesia
Diet modification
3 month recall
Establish dental home
Establish aggressive caries prevention plan
170
Defined by impairments in the following areas:
Physical
developmental
Mental
Sensory
Behavioral
Cognitive
Emotional
Special needs
171
Child with special needs requires
Medical management
Health care intervention
Use of specialized services or programs
172
Behavior and behavior guidance
Ask parent questions about the child’s behavior to help determine how child may behave
Frankl behavior rating: -- (1: refusal), - (2: reluctant), + (3: cautious but accepting), ++ (4: definitely positive)
173
What do the following describe?
Gingival recession
bone loss
root surface caries
Leukoplakia (precancerous white patch)
oral/pharyngeal cancer
periodontitis
staining
halitosis
reduction in wound healing
mouth sores
hairy tongue
altered sense of taste
Oral health effects of Tobacco use
174
Children exposed to secondhand smoke have greater risk of
decreased lung function
Asthma
SIDS
respiratory infection (Pneumonia, bronchitis)
ear infection
175
T/F Ecigs are NOT regulated by FDA; less harmful but not harmless, have fewer toxins and no tar but risk for cancer; pt used should be discouraged
True
176
