Pharmacology for Hematology Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
Heparin mechanism
A
cofactor for antithrombin: II, Xa decr
2
Q
Used to monitor heparin
A
PTT
3
Q
rapid reversal of heparin
A
protamine sulfate
4
Q
Enoxaparin
A
LMWH
5
Q
dalteparin
A
LMWH
6
Q
mechansim, advantage of LMWH
A
acts on Xa, no lab monitoring, not reversible
7
Q
Mechanism of HIT
A
antibody-heparin-PF4 complex (IgG)
8
Q
Argatroban
A
hirudin (leech derivative)- HIT alternative
9
Q
bivalirudin
A
hirudin (leech derivative)- HIT alternative
10
Q
Used to monitor warfarin
A
PT
11
Q
Used to reverse warfarin
A
Vit K, fres frozen plasma
12
Q
Apixaban
A
Factor Xa inhibitor
13
Q
rivaroxaban
A
Factor Xa inhibitor
14
Q
Aminocaproic acid
A
used to treat thrombolytic toxicity
15
Q
Alteplase
A
tPA, thrombolytic
16
Q
retelplase
A
rPA, thrombolytic
17
Q
tenecteplase
A
TNK-tPA, thrombolytic
18
Q
Aspirin overdose
A
respiratory alkalosis superimposed by metabolic acidosis
19
Q
Clopidogrel
A
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
20
Q
ticopidine
A
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
21
Q
Prasugrel
A
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
22
Q
ticagrelor
A
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
23
Q
Use of ADP receptor inhibitors (3)
A
acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting, thrombotic stroke prevention
24
Q
Toxicity of ADP receptor inhibitors
A
neutropenia, TTP/HUS
25
cilostazol
PDEIII inhib
26
dipryrimadole
PDEIII inhib
27
Mechanism of PDEIII inhib
Incr cAMP in platelets, inhib plt aggregation, vasodilation
28
use of PDEIII Inhib
intermittent claudication, coronar vasodilation, prevent stroke, TIA, angina
29
Toxicity of PDEIII inhib
Nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abd pain
30
Abciximab
GPIIb/IIIa inhib (monoclonal Ab)
31
Eptifibatide
GPIIb/IIIa inhib
32
Tirofiban
GPIIb/IIIa inhib
33
Leucovorin use
reverses myelosuppresion assoc with MTX (folinic acid)
34
MTX mechanism
Folic acid analog; inhib dihydrofolate reductase; decr dTMP
35
MTX uses
leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma
36
MTX toxicity
myelosuppression, macrovesicular fatty change in liver, mucositis, teratogenic
37
5-FU mechanism
pyrimidine analog; inhibits thymidylate synthase
38
5-FU uses
colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell
39
5-FU toxicity
myelosuppression, photosensitivity
40
cytarabine mechanism
pyrimidine analog
41
cytarabine uses
leukemia, lymphoma
42
cytarabine toxicity
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megalobastic anemia
43
6-MP, 6-TG mechanism
purine (thiol) analog
44
Aspirin overdose
respiratory alkalosis superimposed by metabolic acidosis
44
Aspirin overdose
respiratory alkalosis superimposed by metabolic acidosis
45
Clopidogrel
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
45
Clopidogrel
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
46
ticopidine
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
46
ticopidine
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
47
Prasugrel
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
47
Prasugrel
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
48
ticagrelor
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
48
ticagrelor
irreversible ADP receptor and GPIIb/IIIa inhib
49
Use of ADP receptor inhibitors (3)
acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting, thrombotic stroke prevention
49
Use of ADP receptor inhibitors (3)
acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting, thrombotic stroke prevention
50
Toxicity of ADP receptor inhibitors
neutropenia, TTP/HUS
50
Toxicity of ADP receptor inhibitors
neutropenia, TTP/HUS
51
cilostazol
PDEIII inhib
51
cilostazol
PDEIII inhib
52
dipryrimadole
PDEIII inhib
52
dipryrimadole
PDEIII inhib
53
Mechanism of PDEIII inhib
Incr cAMP in platelets, inhib plt aggregation, vasodilation
53
Mechanism of PDEIII inhib
Incr cAMP in platelets, inhib plt aggregation, vasodilation
54
use of PDEIII Inhib
intermittent claudication, coronar vasodilation, prevent stroke, TIA, angina
54
use of PDEIII Inhib
intermittent claudication, coronar vasodilation, prevent stroke, TIA, angina
55
Toxicity of PDEIII inhib
Nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abd pain
55
Toxicity of PDEIII inhib
Nausea, headache, facial flushing, hypotension, abd pain
56
Abciximab
GPIIb/IIIa inhib (monoclonal Ab)
56
Abciximab
GPIIb/IIIa inhib (monoclonal Ab)
57
Eptifibatide
GPIIb/IIIa inhib
57
Eptifibatide
GPIIb/IIIa inhib
58
Tirofiban
GPIIb/IIIa inhib
58
Tirofiban
GPIIb/IIIa inhib
59
Leucovorin use
reverses myelosuppresion assoc with MTX (folinic acid)
59
Leucovorin use
reverses myelosuppresion assoc with MTX (folinic acid)
60
MTX mechanism
Folic acid analog; inhib dihydrofolate reductase; decr dTMP
60
MTX mechanism
Folic acid analog; inhib dihydrofolate reductase; decr dTMP
61
MTX uses
leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma
61
MTX uses
leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, sarcoma
62
MTX toxicity
myelosuppression, macrovesicular fatty change in liver, mucositis, teratogenic
62
MTX toxicity
myelosuppression, macrovesicular fatty change in liver, mucositis, teratogenic
63
5-FU mechanism
pyrimidine analog; inhibits thymidylate synthase
63
5-FU mechanism
pyrimidine analog; inhibits thymidylate synthase
64
5-FU uses
colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell
64
5-FU uses
colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, basal cell
65
5-FU toxicity
myelosuppression, photosensitivity
65
5-FU toxicity
myelosuppression, photosensitivity
66
cytarabine mechanism
pyrimidine analog
66
cytarabine mechanism
pyrimidine analog
67
cytarabine uses
leukemia, lymphoma
67
cytarabine uses
leukemia, lymphoma
68
cytarabine toxicity
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megalobastic anemia
68
cytarabine toxicity
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megalobastic anemia
94
6-MP, 6-TG mechanism
purine (thiol) analog
95
What activates 6-MP
HGRPT
96
What metabolizes 6-MP and what increase toxicity
xanthine oxidase; allopurinol
97
Dactinomycin mechanism
intercalates DNA
98
Dactinomcyin uses
Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (Childhood tumors)
99
Doxorubicin mechanism
free radicals-- intercalate DNA
100
Doxorubicin toxicity
cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, alopecia
101
Dexrazoxane
used to prevent cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin
102
bleomycin mechanism
free radical-- DNA break
103
bleomycin uses
testicular cancer, hodgkin lymphoma
104
bleomycin toxicity
pulm fibrosis, mucositis, skin change
105
cyclophosphamide, iphosphamide mechanism
covalently x-link DNA at guanine N-7
106
cyclophosphamide toxicity
hemorrhagic cystitis, myelosuppression
107
mesna
used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis by cyclophsophamide
108
carmustine, lomustine, semustine
nitrosurea
109
streptozocin
nitrosurea
110
nitrosurea mechanism
cross-link DNA, cross-link DNA
111
nitrosurea uses
brain tumors
112
nitrosurea toxicity
CNS (convulsions, dizziness, ataxia)
113
busulfan mechanism
cross-link DNA
114
busulfan use
CML
115
busulfan toxicity
sever myelosuppression, pulm fibrosis, hyperpigmentation
116
vincristine, vinblastine mechanisms
vinca alkaloid, b-tubulin inhibition
117
vincristine toxicity
neurotox (areflexia, peripheral neuritis), paralytic ileus
118
paclitaxel mechanism
hyperstabilizes polymerized microtubules
119
paclitaxel use
ovarian, breast cancer
120
cisplatin, carbolplatin mechanism
cross-link DNA
121
cisplatin use
testicular, bladder, ovary, lung carcinoma
122
amofostine
used to prevent cisplatin toxicity
123
cisplatin toxicity
nephrotoxicity, acoustic nerve damage
124
Etopside, teniposide mechanism
inhibit topoisomerase II
125
irinotecan, topotecan mechansim
inhibit topoisomerase I
126
irinotecan use
colon cancer
127
topotecan use
ovarian, small cell lung cancer
128
hydroxuyrea mechansim
inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, decr DNA synth
129
hydroxurea uses
melanoma, CML, sickle cell
130
predinsone mechanism
trigger apoptosis
131
prednisone use
CLL, NHL
132
tamoxifen mechanism
SERM, partial agonist of endometrium
133
raloxifene mechansim
SERM, endometrial antagonist
134
Trastuzumab mechanism
HER-2 monoconal Ab
135
Trastuzumab toxicity
cardiotoxicity
136
Imantinib toxicity
fluid retention
137
rituximab target
CD20
138
vemurafenib mechanism
small mol inhib of B-Raf kinase, V600E mut
139
vemurafenib toxicity
metastatic melanoma
140
bevacizumab mechanism
monoconal Ab against VEGF
