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Step 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Cells in follicle of LN

A

B cell

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2
Q

Cells in paracortex of LN

A

T cells

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3
Q

Site of LN enlarged during reaction to virus

A

paracortex

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4
Q

Primar vs secondary follicle in LN

A

Primar- dense and dormant

Secondary- pale center, active

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5
Q

Cells in medulla of LN

A

reticular cells and macrophages

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6
Q

Location and function of high endothelial venules of LN

A

paracortex, T and B cells enter from blood

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7
Q

LNs that drain upper limb, breast, skin above umbilicus

A

axillary

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8
Q

LNs that drain testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

A

para-aortic

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9
Q

LNs that drain dorsolateral foot, posterior calf

A

popliteal

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10
Q

LNs that drain lung

A

hilar

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11
Q

LNs that drain trachea, esophagus

A

mediastinal

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12
Q

Pathways affected by splenic dysfunction

A

IgM, C3b opsonization

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13
Q

Cells in periarterial lymphatic sheath of spleen

A

T cells

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14
Q

Cells in Red pulp of spleen

A

RBCs

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15
Q

Cells in germinal centers of spleen

A

B cells

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16
Q

Cells in marginal zone of spleen

A

APCs, B cells

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17
Q

Describe cortex of thymus

A

dense, immature T cells, positive selection

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18
Q

Describe medulla of thymus

A

pale, mature T cells, negative selection

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19
Q

What is contained in Hassall corpuscle of thymus

A

epithelial reticular cells

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20
Q

Origin of thymus

A

epithelium of 3rd pharyngeal pouch

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21
Q

MHC I loci (HLA)

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

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22
Q

MHC II loci (HLA)

A

HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ

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23
Q

MHC: CD4 vs CD8

A

MHC I binds CD8, MHC II binds CD4

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24
Q

what does b2 microblobulin do?

A

transports MHC 1 to surface

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25
Q

HLA-A3 assoc with

A

hemochromatosis

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26
Q

HLA-B27 assoc with (PAIR)

A

Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondilitis
IBD
Reactive arthritis

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27
Q

HLA-DQ2/DQ8 assoc with

A

Celiac

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28
Q

HLA-DR2 assoc with

A

MS
hay fever
SLE
Goodpasture syndrome

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29
Q

HLA-DR3 assoc with

A

DM1
SLE
Graves

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30
Q

HLA-DR4 assoc with

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

DM1

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31
Q

HLA-DR5 assoc with

A

pernicious anemia

hashimoto thyroiditis

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32
Q

What cytokines enhance NK cells

A

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-b, IFN-a

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33
Q

What do NK cells secrete to induce apoptosis

A

perforin, granzyme

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34
Q

Costimulatory signal for Naive T cell

A

B7 from dendritic cell binds CD28

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35
Q

Costimulator signal for B cell

A

CD40L from T cell binds CD40

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36
Q

What cytokine promotes Th1 cell

A

IL-12

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37
Q

What cytokine promotes Th2 cell

A

IL-4

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38
Q

what cytokines promote Th17 cell

A

TGFb, IL-6

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39
Q

What cytokine promotes Treg cell

A

TGFb

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40
Q

Function of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

A

Addition of nucleotides to DNA during, increases antibody diversity

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41
Q

Ab produced by mature B lymphcytes

A

IgM, IgD

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42
Q

Ab produced by plasma cells

A

IgA, IgE, IgG

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43
Q

What determines if antigen is thymus dependent?

A

Does it contain a protein component (If doesnt, cannot present by MHC to T cells)

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44
Q

What cytokines induce acute-phase reactants

A

IL-6, IL-1, TNFa, IFNg

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45
Q

Classic complement pathway

A

IgM or IgG mediated

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46
Q

Alternative complement pathway

A

microbe surface molecules

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47
Q

Lectin complement pathway

A

mannose or sugar on microbe

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48
Q

Function of C3b

A

opsonization

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49
Q

Function of C3a, C4a, C5a

A

anaphylaxis

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50
Q

Function of C5a

A

neutrophil chemotaxis

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51
Q

Function of C5b-C9

A

MAC

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52
Q

Inhibitors of complement

A

CD55 (DAF), C1 esterase inhibitor

53
Q

Disease caused by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency; what is contraindicated

A

hereditary angioedema; ACE inhib contraindicated

54
Q

What are increase risk associated with C3 deficeincy

A

pyogenic sinus and resp tract infx, type III hypersensitivity

55
Q

Incr risk with C5-C9 deficiency

A

Neisseria bacteremia

56
Q

IL-1 function

A

fever, acute inflammation

57
Q

IL-2 function

A

Stimulate T cell growth

58
Q

IL-6 function

A

fever, acute-phase reactants

59
Q

IL-8 function

A

chemotaxis for neutrophils

60
Q

TNFa function

A

activates endothelium, septic shock

61
Q

IL3 function

A

bone marrow growth

62
Q

IFNg

A

antiviral, antitumor, NK activation, MHC expression incr

63
Q

IL5 function

A

B cell differentiation, IgA

64
Q

IL10 function

A

inhibits Th1 cells

65
Q

NK cell surface markers

A

CD16 (binds Fc), CD56

66
Q

B cell receptor for EBV

67
Q

What is endotoxin receptor of macrophages

68
Q

Type of immunity in live attenuated vs inactivated vaccine

A 
Live= cellular response, lifelong immunity
inactivated= humoral response, requires booster, safer
69
Q

Mechanism of Type 1 reaction

A

Antigen crosslinks IgE of mast cell, basophil

70
Q

Mechanism of Type II reaction

A

IgM, IgG bind, MAC formation

71
Q

Mechanism of Type III reaction

A

Immune complex formation

72
Q

Serum sickness

A

Type III reaction- drugs form hapten, cause fever, urticaria, arthralgia 5 days after exposure

73
Q

Arthus reaction

A

Type III reaction- local reaction (edema, necrosis) to intradermal antigen injection

74
Q

Mechanism of type IV reaction

A

delayed T cell mediated response

75
Q

Anti-ACH receptor

A

Myasthenia gravis

76
Q

Anti-basement membrane

A

Goodpasture syndrome

77
Q

Anti-cardiolipin

78
Q

Anticentromere

A

CREST syndrome (limited scleroderma

79
Q

Anti-desmoglein

A

pemphigus vulgaris

80
Q

Anti-hemidesmosome

A

bullous pemphigoid

81
Q

antihistione

A

drug-induced lupus

82
Q

Anti- glutamate decarboxylase

83
Q

Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2

A

polymyositis, dermatomyositis

84
Q

antimicrosomal

A

hashimoto thyroiditis

85
Q

antimitochondrial

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

86
Q

anti-Scl-70

A

diffuse scleroderma (topoisomerase I)

87
Q

Anti-smooth muscle

A

autoimmune hepatitis

88
Q

Anti-U1 RNP

A

mixed connective tissue disease

89
Q

c-ANCA

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis

90
Q

IgA antiendomysial, anti-tissue transgltaminase

A

celiac disease

91
Q

p-ANCA

A

microscopic polyangitis, Churg-strauss syndrome

92
Q

RF, anti-CCP

A

rheumatoid arthritis

93
Q

X-linked (bruton) agammaglobulinemia defect

A

BTK- tyrosine kinase; no B cell maturation

94
Q

recurrent bacterial, enteroviral infection after 6 mo

A

X-linked (bruton) agammaglobulinemia

95
Q

asymptomatic, airway and GI infx, autoimmune, atopy

A

Selective IgA deficiency presentation

96
Q

B-cell differentiation defect; autoimmune disease, bronchiectasis, lymphoma, sinopulmonary infections

A

Common variable immunodifiency defect, presentation

97
Q

DiGeorge syndrome defect

A

22q11 deletion; absent thymus, parathyroid (3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches)

98
Q

IL-12 Receptor deficiency

A

Autosomal recessive; decr Th1- mycobacterial and fungal infx

99
Q

Job syndrome defect

A

absent Th17 due to STAT3 mutation

100
Q

course facies, staphylococcal abscesses, retained primary teeth, incr IgE, eczema

A

Jobs syndrome

101
Q

Defects, inheritance in SCID

A

IL2R- Xlinked

Adenosine deaminase deficiency- autosomal recessive

102
Q

Failure to thrive, recurrent diarrhea, thrush; recurrent viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal infection

103
Q

Cerebellar defect, spider angioma, IgA deficiency

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia

104
Q

Ataxia-telangiectasia defect

A

defect of ATM gene, DNA strand breaks

105
Q

Thrombocyopenic purpura, eczema, recurrent infection

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

106
Q

Defect in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

A

X-linked recessive WAS gene; T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton

107
Q

Defect in hyper-IgM syndrome

A 
Defective CD40Lin Th cell- class switching failure
X-linked recessive
108
Q

severe pyogenic infection early in life; opportunistic infection with pneumocysits, cryptosporidium, CMV

A

Hyper-IgM syndrome

109
Q

Recurrent bacterial skin and mucosal infection, absent pus formation, impaired wound healing, delayed umbilical cord separation

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (type-1)

110
Q

Defect in LFA-1

A

Defect LFA-1 integrin, CD18 on phagocytes; impaired migration and chemotaxis; AR

111
Q

Recurrent pyogenic infections by staph, strep; partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy, progressive neurodegeneration, inflitrative lymphohistiocitysos

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

112
Q

Chediak-Higashi syndrome defect and finding

A

LYST- lysosomal trafficking regulator gene; microtubule dysfunction in phagosome-lysosome fusion; giant granules in neutrophils and platelets; AR

113
Q

Susceptibility to catalase positive organisms

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

114
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease defect

A

NADPH oxidase, X-linked recessive

115
Q

Abnormal dihydrohodamine test

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

116
Q

Cyclosporine mechanism

A

calcineurin inhibitor; binds cyclophilin; prevents IL-2 transcription

117
Q

Toxicity of calcineurin inh

A

nephrotoxicity

118
Q

Tacrolimus mechanism

A

calcineurin inhibitor; binds FKBP; prevents IL-2 transcription

119
Q

Sirolimus mechanism

A

mTOR inhibitor; binds FKBP; prevents IL-2 signal transduction

120
Q

Basiliximab

A

mAb against IL-2R

121
Q

Azathioprine

122
Q

Alemtuzumab target, use

123
Q

Cetximab target, use

A

EGFR, colorectal Ca, head & neck cancer

124
Q

Infliximab target

125
Q

adalimumab target

126
Q

Natalizumab target, use

A

a4-integrin (leukoctye adhesion); MS, crohns

127
Q

Denosumab target

128
Q

Palivizumab target, use

A

RSV F protein; prophylaxis for at risk infants

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