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Step 1 > Micro- Viruses > Flashcards

Micro- Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Live attenuated vaccines (6)

A

smallpox, yellow fever, chickenpox, Sabin poliovirus, MMR, Influenza (intranasal)

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2
Q

Killed vaccines (4)

A

Rabies, influenza (injected), salk polio, HAV

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3
Q

Recombinant vaccines (2)

A

HBV, HPV

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4
Q

What type of DNA do most DNA viruses have? What are exceptions?

A

All except parvoviridae are dsDNA

All are linear except papilloma, polyoma, hapadnaviruses (circular)

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5
Q

What type of RNA are most RNA viruses?

A

Most are ssRNA except reovirus (dsRNA)

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6
Q

Where do RNA and DNA viruses replicate?

A

DNA viruses- replicate in nucleus (except poxvirus)

RNA viruses- replicate in cytoplasm (except influenza, retroviruses)

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7
Q

What type of lymphadenopathy is common for EBV?

A

posterior cervical nodes

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8
Q

Associated with “owl eye” inclusions

A

CMV

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9
Q

Where in addition to the skin can HHV-8 affect?

A

lungs, GI tract

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10
Q

Where do CMV and EBV lay dormant?

A

CMV- mononuclear cells

EBV- B cells

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11
Q

High fevers for several days that can cause seizures followed by diffuse macular rash (exanthum subitum)

A

Roseola- HHV-6

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12
Q

What herpesviruses cause keratoconjunctivitis vs retinitis?

A

HSV-1: keratoconjunctivitis

CMV: retinitis

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13
Q

What does the tzanck test test for?

A

HSV-2

detect multinucleated giant cells

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14
Q

What cells cause intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions?

A

HSV

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15
Q

What are the picornaviruses? What type of infection do they cause and how are they transmitted?

A 
PERCH
Poliovirus
Echovirus
Rhinovirus
Coxsackievirus
HAV
Can cause viral meningitis (exc HAV, rhino)
Transmitted oral-fecal (exc rhinovirus)
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16
Q

What type of virus is rhinovirus? What distinguishes it from those in its class?

A

picornavirus
nonenveloped RNA virus
not acid labile

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17
Q

Causes high fever, black vomit, jaundice

A

yellow fever

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18
Q

What type of virus is yellow fever? What is its vector?

A

Flavivirus

Aedes mosquito

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19
Q

Causes villus destruction with atrophy, leads to decr absorption of Na+, loss of K+ (virus)

A

rotavirus

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20
Q

What type of virus is rotavirus?

A

segmented dsRNA

reovirus

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21
Q

What type of virus is influenza virus?

A

orthomyxovirus

enveloped, neg ssRNA, 8-segments

22
Q

What do the surface proteins of influenza do?

A

Hemagglutinin- viral entry

Neuraminidase- progeny virion release

23
Q

Causes fever, postauricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, fine rash

A

Rubella

24
Q

Congenital infection causes “blueberry muffin appearance” What does this indicate?

A

rubella

extramedullary hematopoiesis

25
Q

What is an important surface marker of paramyxoviruses? What does this do?

A

F (fusion) protein

causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells

26
Q

What are the paramyxoviruses (4)

A

Parainfluenza (croup)
mumps
measles
RSV

27
Q

Causes cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplic spots

A

measles

28
Q

What are 2 dangerous sequelae of measles infection?

A

SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

giant cell pneumonia

29
Q

Causes parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis

A

Mumps

30
Q

Negri bodies commonly found in purkinje cells of cerebellum and in hippocampal neurons

A

rabies

31
Q

What type of virus is HCV?

A

flavivirus

enveloped, RNA ss+ linear, icosahedral

32
Q

What type of virus is HBV?

A

hepadnavirus

33
Q

What type of virus is HDV?

A

RNA delta virus

enveloped, ss - circualr

34
Q

Compare superinfection vs coinfection of HDV and HBV?

A

Superinfection (HDV after HBV)- short incubation

co-infection (HDV with HBV)- long incubation

35
Q

What type of heptatitis virus has particularly high mortality in pregnant women?

A

HEV

36
Q

What type of virus is HEV

A

RNA hepevirus

nonenveloped ss+ linear icosahedral

37
Q

Type of HBV infection:

HBsAg+, HBeAg+, Anti-HBc IgM

A

Acute HBV

38
Q

Type of HBV infection:

Anti-HBe+, Anti-HBc IgM

A

Window period

39
Q

Type of HBV infection:

HBsAg+, HBeAg+, IgG

A

chronic, high infectivity

40
Q

Type of HBV infection:

Anti-HBs, Anti-HBe, IgG

A

recovery from HBV

41
Q

What distinguishes high transmissibility vs low transmissibility for HBV?

A

High transmissibility: HBeAg

Low: Anti-HBe

42
Q

How is AIDS diagnosed?

A

< 200 CD4 or AIDS-defining condition

43
Q

What part of HIV can cross the placenta?

A

anti-gp120- casues fals positive ELISA/western

44
Q

What are the HIV structural genes, what do they encode?

A

env - gp120 (attach do CD4), gp21 (fusion and entry)
gag0- capsid protein
pol- reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

45
Q

What are HIV coreceptors

A

CCR5- early

CXCR4- late

46
Q

Causes low-grade fecers, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcers in AIDS

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (Oval yeast cells within macrophage)

47
Q

Causes superficial vascular proliferation in AIDS patients

Bx shows neutrophilic inflammation

A

Bartonella henselae

48
Q

Causes superficial vascular proliferation in AIDS patients

Bx shows lymphocytic inflammation

A

HHV8- kaposi sarcoma

49
Q

Causes interstitial pneumonia in AiDS patients

A

CMV

50
Q

When should MAC be suspected in HIV pt?

A

CD4 <50, Tb-like disease

51
Q

Where is Hairy leukoplakia likely found? what causes it?

A

lateral tongue

EBV

52
Q

What CD4 count corresponds with oral and esophageal candida?

A

oral- CD4 <100

Step 1 (34 decks)

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