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Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How does Km relate to affinity

A

inversely related

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2
Q

What is the formula for half life?

A

0.7Vd/CL

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3
Q

Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with P450- what kind of metabolism

A

Phase I

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4
Q

Glucoronidation, Acetylation, sulfation- what kind of metabolism

A

Phase II

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5
Q

What type of metabolism is defective in geriactric patients?

A

phase I

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6
Q

Efficacy vs potency

A

Efficacy- maximal effect a drug can produce

potency- amount of drug needed for a given effect

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7
Q

What type of receptor is a nicotinic Ach receptor?

A

ligand-gated Na/K channel

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8
Q

What type of receptor is a muscarinic ACh receptor?

A

GPCR

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9
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for parasymp?

A

ACh M

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10
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for sympathetic, sweat glands?

A

AChM

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11
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for sympathetic, cardiac?

A

NEab

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12
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic skeletal muscle?

A

AChN

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13
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for sympathetic, renal vasculature and smooth muscle?

A

D

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14
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on adrenal medulla?

A

ACh N

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15
Q

What are the two types of nicotinic receptors? where are they found?

A

NN- autonomic ganglia

NM- NMJ

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16
Q

What autonomic receptors are Gi (3)

A

M2, a2, D2

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17
Q

What autonomic receptors are Gq (5)

A

H1, a1, V1, M1, M3

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18
Q

What does dopamine do to renal vascular smooth muscle?

A

relaxes

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19
Q

What muscarinic/adrenergic receptors are found on the heart? what is the effect?

A

M2
decr heart rate and atrial contractility
B1/B2
incr HR, contractility

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20
Q

What receptors affect pupillary contraction?

A

a1- contraction of dilator muscles (mydriasis)

M3- pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (Miosis)

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21
Q

Where are the vasopressin receptors found?

A

V1- vascular smooth muscle contraction

V2- incr H2O permeability and reabsorption of kidneys

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22
Q

What adrenergic receptor promotes renin release?

A

B2

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23
Q

What adrenergic receptor affects aqueous humour production?

A

B2- incr production

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24
Q

What adrenergic receptors are found on the uterus?

A

B2- decr tone

a1- incr contraction

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25
What receptors are on vascular smooth muscle?
a1- contraction | V1- contraction
26
Bethanechol
direct cholinomimetic agonist | ileus and urinary retenthion
27
Pilocarpine
direct cholinomimetic agonist | glaucoma, pupillary constriction, relief intraoc pressure
28
Methacholine
direct cholinomimetic agonist | asthma challenge test
29
Neostigmine
anticholinesterase long-acting, quarternary (not lipid sol) reversal NMJ blockade, myasthenia gravis, postop ileus, urinary retention
30
Pyridostigmine
anticholinesterase Myasthenia gravis doesnt penetrate CNS
31
Donepezil
anticholinesterase Alzheimers (incr ACh) lipid sol- ternary amine
32
Edrophonium
anticholinesterase short acting used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
33
What is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning?
atropine- competitive inhib (does not prevent muscle paralysis- nicotinic) praloxidime- needs to be given early
34
Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradychardia, lacrimation, sweating, salivation, muscle and CNS excitation
organophosphate poisoning | irreversibly inhibits AChE
35
Atropine
muscarinic antagonist (treats bradychardia and opthalmic)
36
Benzotropine
muscarinic antagonist | used to treat parkinson, acts on CNS
37
Scopolamine
muscarininc antag | motion sickness
38
Ipratropium
muscarinic antag | respiratory aplications
39
oxybutynin
muscarinic antag | decr urgency, bladder spasm
40
darifenacin
muscarinic antag | decr urgency, bladder spasm
41
Glycopyrrolate
musarinic antag | reduce airway secretion, drooling, peptic ulcer
42
What is the toxicity of atropine?
``` Hot as a hare dry as a bone Red as a beet Blind as a bat Mad as a hatter ```
43
Epinephrine
``` Can stim all 4, depends on dose Low dose: b>a Med does: b1, b2, a1 high dose: a1 anaphlaxis ```
44
Norepinephrine
a1, a2, b1 (no b2) | treats hypotension
45
Dobutamine
B1>B2, a | used to treat heart failure, stress test
46
Phenylephrine
a1>a2 | hypotension, decongestion, mydriasis
47
Albuterol
B2>b1 | asthma
48
Salmeterol
B2>b1 | asthma- long acting
49
Terbutaline
b2>b1 | prevent uterine contractions
50
isoproterenol
b1=b2
51
Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol effect on HR, BP
NE: incr BP, reflex bradycardia Iso: decr BP, incr PP, incr BP
52
Clonidine
a2 agnoist | hypertensive urgency
53
a-methyldopa
a2 agnoist | hypertension in pregnancy
54
phenoxybenzamine
``` a blocker (irreversible) Pheo-preop ```
55
phentolamine
``` a blocker (reversible) give to patients on MAO inh ```
56
Prazosin
a1 selective blocker (all ending osin) | BPH, PTSD, hypertension
57
Mirtazapine
a2-selective blocker | depression
58
What are the toxicities of mirtazapine
sedation, incr serum cholesterol, incr appetite
59
What effect does epinephrine have on BP before and after a block?
before- incr BP | after- decr BP
60
carvedilol
nonselective a and b antag
61
labetalol
nonselective a and b antag
62
nebivolol
b1 blockade of heart | b3 stim- activate NO synthase vasculature
63
acebutolol
b1 selective, partial agonist
64
atenolol
b1 selective antag
65
pindolol
nonselective b, partial agonist
66
propanolol
nonselective b antagonist
67
What b blockers decr mortality after MI?
metoprolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol
68
betaxolol
b1 selective antag
69
What b blockers are class II antiarrythmics?
metoprolol, esmolol
70
What b blockers are used to treat glaucoma
timolol (decr aq hum)
71
What population should avoid b blockers?
cocaine users (unopposed a agonist)

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