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Step 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How does Km relate to affinity

A

inversely related

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2
Q

What is the formula for half life?

A

0.7Vd/CL

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3
Q

Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with P450- what kind of metabolism

A

Phase I

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4
Q

Glucoronidation, Acetylation, sulfation- what kind of metabolism

A

Phase II

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5
Q

What type of metabolism is defective in geriactric patients?

A

phase I

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6
Q

Efficacy vs potency

A

Efficacy- maximal effect a drug can produce

potency- amount of drug needed for a given effect

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7
Q

What type of receptor is a nicotinic Ach receptor?

A

ligand-gated Na/K channel

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8
Q

What type of receptor is a muscarinic ACh receptor?

A

GPCR

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9
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for parasymp?

A

ACh M

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10
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for sympathetic, sweat glands?

A

AChM

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11
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for sympathetic, cardiac?

A

NEab

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12
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic skeletal muscle?

A

AChN

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13
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on postsynaptic, 2nd neuron for sympathetic, renal vasculature and smooth muscle?

A

D

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14
Q

What type of neurotransmitter is released on adrenal medulla?

A

ACh N

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15
Q

What are the two types of nicotinic receptors? where are they found?

A

NN- autonomic ganglia

NM- NMJ

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16
Q

What autonomic receptors are Gi (3)

A

M2, a2, D2

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17
Q

What autonomic receptors are Gq (5)

A

H1, a1, V1, M1, M3

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18
Q

What does dopamine do to renal vascular smooth muscle?

A

relaxes

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19
Q

What muscarinic/adrenergic receptors are found on the heart? what is the effect?

A

M2
decr heart rate and atrial contractility
B1/B2
incr HR, contractility

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20
Q

What receptors affect pupillary contraction?

A

a1- contraction of dilator muscles (mydriasis)

M3- pupillary sphincter muscle contraction (Miosis)

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21
Q

Where are the vasopressin receptors found?

A

V1- vascular smooth muscle contraction

V2- incr H2O permeability and reabsorption of kidneys

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22
Q

What adrenergic receptor promotes renin release?

A

B2

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23
Q

What adrenergic receptor affects aqueous humour production?

A

B2- incr production

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24
Q

What adrenergic receptors are found on the uterus?

A

B2- decr tone

a1- incr contraction

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25
Q

What receptors are on vascular smooth muscle?

A

a1- contraction

V1- contraction

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26
Q

Bethanechol

A

direct cholinomimetic agonist

ileus and urinary retenthion

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27
Q

Pilocarpine

A

direct cholinomimetic agonist

glaucoma, pupillary constriction, relief intraoc pressure

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28
Q

Methacholine

A

direct cholinomimetic agonist

asthma challenge test

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29
Q

Neostigmine

A

anticholinesterase
long-acting, quarternary (not lipid sol)
reversal NMJ blockade, myasthenia gravis, postop ileus, urinary retention

30
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

anticholinesterase
Myasthenia gravis
doesnt penetrate CNS

31
Q

Donepezil

A

anticholinesterase
Alzheimers (incr ACh)
lipid sol- ternary amine

32
Q

Edrophonium

A

anticholinesterase
short acting
used to diagnose myasthenia gravis

33
Q

What is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning?

A

atropine- competitive inhib (does not prevent muscle paralysis- nicotinic)
praloxidime- needs to be given early

34
Q

Diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradychardia, lacrimation, sweating, salivation, muscle and CNS excitation

A

organophosphate poisoning

irreversibly inhibits AChE

35
Q

Atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist (treats bradychardia and opthalmic)

36
Q

Benzotropine

A

muscarinic antagonist

used to treat parkinson, acts on CNS

37
Q

Scopolamine

A

muscarininc antag

motion sickness

38
Q

Ipratropium

A

muscarinic antag

respiratory aplications

39
Q

oxybutynin

A

muscarinic antag

decr urgency, bladder spasm

40
Q

darifenacin

A

muscarinic antag

decr urgency, bladder spasm

41
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

musarinic antag

reduce airway secretion, drooling, peptic ulcer

42
Q

What is the toxicity of atropine?

A 
Hot as a hare
dry as a bone
Red as a beet
Blind as a bat
Mad as a hatter
43
Q

Epinephrine

A 
Can stim all 4, depends on dose
Low dose: b>a
Med does: b1, b2, a1
high dose: a1
anaphlaxis
44
Q

Norepinephrine

A

a1, a2, b1 (no b2)

treats hypotension

45
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1>B2, a

used to treat heart failure, stress test

46
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1>a2

hypotension, decongestion, mydriasis

47
Q

Albuterol

A

B2>b1

asthma

48
Q

Salmeterol

A

B2>b1

asthma- long acting

49
Q

Terbutaline

A

b2>b1

prevent uterine contractions

50
Q

isoproterenol

A

b1=b2

51
Q

Norepinephrine vs isoproterenol effect on HR, BP

A

NE: incr BP, reflex bradycardia
Iso: decr BP, incr PP, incr BP

52
Q

Clonidine

A

a2 agnoist

hypertensive urgency

53
Q

a-methyldopa

A

a2 agnoist

hypertension in pregnancy

54
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A 
a blocker (irreversible)
Pheo-preop
55
Q

phentolamine

A 
a blocker (reversible)
give to patients on MAO inh
56
Q

Prazosin

A

a1 selective blocker (all ending osin)

BPH, PTSD, hypertension

57
Q

Mirtazapine

A

a2-selective blocker

depression

58
Q

What are the toxicities of mirtazapine

A

sedation, incr serum cholesterol, incr appetite

59
Q

What effect does epinephrine have on BP before and after a block?

A

before- incr BP

after- decr BP

60
Q

carvedilol

A

nonselective a and b antag

61
Q

labetalol

A

nonselective a and b antag

62
Q

nebivolol

A

b1 blockade of heart

b3 stim- activate NO synthase vasculature

63
Q

acebutolol

A

b1 selective, partial agonist

64
Q

atenolol

A

b1 selective antag

65
Q

pindolol

A

nonselective b, partial agonist

66
Q

propanolol

A

nonselective b antagonist

67
Q

What b blockers decr mortality after MI?

A

metoprolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol

68
Q

betaxolol

A

b1 selective antag

69
Q

What b blockers are class II antiarrythmics?

A

metoprolol, esmolol

70
Q

What b blockers are used to treat glaucoma

A

timolol (decr aq hum)

71
Q

What population should avoid b blockers?

A

cocaine users (unopposed a agonist)

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