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Step 1 > Hematology Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Anisocytosis/poikilocytosis

A

varying sizes/varying shapes

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2
Q

Dense granules of platelets

A

ADP, calcium

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3
Q

Alpha granules of platelets

A

vWF, fibrinogen

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4
Q

vWF receptor

A

Gp1b

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5
Q

Fibrinogen receptor

A

GpIIb/IIIa

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6
Q

Macrophage surface cell marker

A

CD14

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7
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils indicate…

A

B12/folate deficiency

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8
Q

causes of eosinophilia

A 
NAACP
Neoplasia
Asthma
Allergic processes
Connective tissue disease
Parasites
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9
Q

Cromolyn sodium

A

prevents mast cell degranulation (asthma prophylaxis)

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10
Q

Surface receptors of dendritic cells

A

MHC II, Fc Receptor

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11
Q

costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation

A

CD28

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12
Q

CD8 recognizes

A

MHC I

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13
Q

CD4 recognizes

A

MHC II

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14
Q

Class of Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies

A

IgM (don’t cross placenta)

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15
Q

class of anti-Rh antibodies

A

IgG (cross placenta)

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16
Q

Deficient in Hemophilia A

A

factor VIII

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17
Q

Deficient in Hemophilia B

A

factor IX

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18
Q

Extrinsic pathway

A

VII

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19
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A

XII, XI, IX, VIII

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20
Q

Common pathway

A

X, V, II

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21
Q

Vit K dependent

A

X, IX, VII, II

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22
Q

Primary antithrombin targets

A

II, X

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23
Q

Ticlopidine & clopidogrel inhibit…

A

ADP-induced expression of GPIIb/IIIa

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24
Q

Abciximab inhibits…

A

GPIIb/IIIa directly

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25
Q

Ristocetin

A

activates vWF binding to GpIb

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26
Q

Incr ESR (5)

A

infections, autoimmune, malignant neoplasm, GI disease, pregnancy

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27
Q

decr ESR (5)

A

polycythemia, sickle cell, CHF, microcytosis, hypofibrinogenemia

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28
Q

Assoc with acanthocyte

A

liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia

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29
Q

Assoc with basophilic stippling (4)

A

anemia of chronic disease, alcohol abuse, lead poisoning, thalassemias

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30
Q

Assoc with bite cell

A

G6PD def

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31
Q

Assoc with macro-ovaolcyte

A

magaloblastic anemia, marrow failure

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32
Q

Assoc with schistocyte

A

DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis

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33
Q

Assoc with spherocyte

A

hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis

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34
Q

Assoc with teardrop cell

A

bone marrow infiltration; myelofibrosis

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35
Q

assoc with target cell (4)

A

HbC disease, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia

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36
Q

Cause and assoc Heinz body

A

denatured Hb; G6PD, a-thalassemia

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37
Q

Cause and assoc Howell-Jolly bodies

A

nuclear remnants; asplenia

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38
Q

Microcytic anemias (5)

A

iron deficiency, ACD, thalassemias, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemias

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39
Q

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

iron deficiency anemia, esophageal webs, atrophic glossitis

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40
Q

a thalassemia: cis vs trans deletion

A

Asian/African

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41
Q

4 allele a thalassemia

A

Hb Barts (gamma4), hydrops fetalis

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42
Q

3 allele a thalassemisa

A

HbH disease, excess b globin— froms b4 (mild to moderate anemia, HSM, yellowing skin)

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43
Q

b thal minor

A

asymptomatic, HbA2 >3.5%

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44
Q

b thal major

A

severe anemia, skeletal deform, HSM

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45
Q

Enzymes inhibited by lead poisoning

A

ferrochelatase, ALA dehydratase

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46
Q

Signs of Lead poisioning (4)

A 
LEAD:
Lead lines on gingivae, metaphyses
Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling
Abdominal cloic and sideroblastic Anemia
Drops= wrist and foot
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47
Q

Treatments of lead poisioning

A

Succimer for chelation for kids

EDTA/ Dimercaprol

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48
Q

Genetic cause sideroblastic anemia

A

X-linked g-ALA synthase gene

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49
Q

treatment of sideroblastic anemia

A

pyridoxine (B6)

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50
Q

Nonhemolytic Normocytic anemia (4)

A

ACD, Aplastic anemia, chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency

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51
Q

Megaloblastic Macrocytic anemia (3)

A

Folate deficiency, B12 deficiency, Orotic aciduria

52
Q

Homocystiene/ Methylmalonic acid in Folate vs B12 deficiency

A

Folate: incr homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid
B12: incr homocysteine, incr methylmalonic acid

53
Q

Sx of Folate deficiency

A

hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis

54
Q

Sx B12 deficiency

A

hyperseg neutrophils, glossitis, Peripheral neuropathy (Sensorimotor), dorsal column (vibration/proprioception, lateral corticospinal (spasticity), dementia

55
Q

Orotic aciduria presentation

A

megaloblastic anemia, not cured by folate or B12

56
Q

Defect in orotic aciduria

A

UMP synthase (conversion of orotic acid to UMP- de novo pyrimidine synthesis)

57
Q

Treatment of orotic aciduria

A

Uridine monophosphate

58
Q

Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia: causes

A

liver disease, alcoholism, reticulocytosis

59
Q

Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia: drugs

A

5-FU, zidovudine, hydroxyurea

60
Q

Findings in intravascular hemolysis

A

decr haptoglobin, incr LDH, schistocytes, incr reticulocytes, urobilinogen in urine

61
Q

Findings in extravascular hemolysis

A

spherocytes, incr LDH, incr unconj bilirubin (jaundice)

62
Q

Mediator of ACD

A

hepcidin- released by liver

63
Q

Drugs causing aplastic anemia

A

benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, busulfan, vinblastine

64
Q

Viral agents causing aplastic anemia

A

parvovirus, EBC, HIV, HCV

65
Q

Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia (5)

A

Hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD, pyruvate kinase, HbC/HbS defect, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

66
Q

Defect in hereditary spherocytosis

A

ankyrin, band 3, protein 4.2, spectrin (structural)

67
Q

Tests for hereditary spherocytosis

A

osmotic fragility test, eosin-5- maleimide binding test

68
Q

Mediators of G6PD disease

A

decr glutathione, susceptibility to oxidant stress

69
Q

Excacerbated by sulfa drugs, antimalarials, infection, fava beans

A

G6PD deficiency

70
Q

Presentation of pyruvate kinase deficiency

A

hemolytic anemia in newborn

71
Q

Defect in HbC

A

glutamic acid to lysine mutation

72
Q

Defect in HbS

A

glutamic acid to valine mutation

73
Q

Defective surface marker in PNH

A

CD55/CD59

74
Q

Triad of PNH

A

coombs neg hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, venous thrombosis

75
Q

treatment of PNH

A

eculizmab

76
Q

Extrinisic hemolytic normocytic anemia (4)

A

autoimmune, microangiopathic, macroangiopathic, infections

77
Q

SLE assoc with __AIHA

A

warm

78
Q

CLL assoc with __AIHA

A

warm and cold

79
Q

M. pneumo assoc with ___AIHA

A

cold

80
Q

infections mononucleosis assoc with ___AIHA

A

cold

81
Q

amethyldopa assoc with___AIHA

A

warm

82
Q

Affected enzyme in Acute intermittent porphyria

A

porphobilinogen deaminase

83
Q

Symptoms of Acute inermittent porphyria

A

5 Ps (painful abdomen, port-wine colored urine, polyneuropathy, psych, preciptated by drugs, EtOH, starvation)

84
Q

treatment of Acute intermittent porphyria

A

glucose, heme

85
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda enzyme deficiency

A

uropporhyrinogen decarboxylase

86
Q

porphyria cutanea tarda presetnation

A

blistering cutaneous photosensitivty

87
Q

PT tests

A

common and extrinsic pathway

88
Q

PTT tests

A

common and intrinsic pathway

89
Q

Defect in Bernard Soulier

A

Gp1b

90
Q

Defect in Glansmann thrombasthenia

A

GpIIb/IIIa

91
Q

Antibodies in immune throbocytopenia

A

anti-Gpiib/IIIa

92
Q

Inhibited in thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

A

ADAMTS13

93
Q

Inheritance of vonWil dis

A

Autosomal dom

94
Q

Treatment of vonwil dis

A

DDAVP

95
Q

causes of antithrombin defiency

A

inherited or renal failure/nephrotic syndrome

96
Q

Factors inactivated by Prot C and S

A

V and VIII

97
Q

multiple, peripheral nodes; extranodal inolvement common

A

NHL

98
Q

Age distribution H vs NHL

A

H: bimodal: young adult, >55
NHL: 20-40

99
Q

Most common form NHL

A

nodular sclerosing

100
Q

Worst prognosis NHL

A

lymphcyte mixed or depleted

101
Q

Markers of Reed-sternberg cell

A

CD15, CD30 (2 owl eyesx15=30)

102
Q

2 presentations of Burkitt lymphoma

A

African: jaw lesion, endemic

pelvis or abdominal mass: sporadic

103
Q

t(8;14) translocation

A

Burkitt lymphoma, cymc/heavy-chain Ig

104
Q

“starry sky” appearance lymphoma

A

Burkitt lymphoma

105
Q

t(14;18) translocation

A

DLBL, follicular lymphoma, heavy chain Ig/bcl-2

106
Q

t(11;14) translocation

A

Mantle cell lymphoma; cyclin 1D/ heavy chain Ig

107
Q

presentation Adult T cell lymphoma

A

lytic bone lsesion, hypercalcemia, cutaneous lesions; HTLV-1 infection

108
Q

Assoc with rouleau formation

A

multiple myeloma

109
Q

Assoc with Bence jones proteins

A

multiple myleoma

110
Q

Psuedo-Pelger-Huet anomoly: description/cause

A

neutrophil with bilobed nuclei/after chemotherapy

111
Q

Age range ALL vs CLL

A

ALL: 60y

112
Q

markers for ALL

A

TdT+, CD10+ (pre-B cell only)

113
Q

Assoc with smudge cells

A

CLL

114
Q

t(12:21) transolcation

A

better prognosis for ALL

115
Q

Assoc with TRAP+ staining

A

Hairy cell leukemia

116
Q

Treatment for hairy cell leukemia

A

cladribine (adenosine analog)

117
Q

Treatment for M3 AML

A

all-trans retinoic acid

118
Q

complication of treatment of M3 AML

A

DIC, release of Auer rods

119
Q

Auer rods assoc with

A

M3 AML

120
Q

t(15;17) translocation assoc with

A

M3 AML

121
Q

t(9;22) translocation

A

philadelphia chromosome, CLL, treat with imatinib

122
Q

Expressed by Langher hans cell histiocytosis

A

S-100, CD1a

123
Q

Assoc with Birbeck granules

A

Langherhans cell histiocytosis

124
Q

Mutation associated with CML disorders

A

JAK2

125
Q

Erythromylagia (describe, disease assoc with)

A

Polycythemia vera; sever, burning pain and reddish or bluish discoloration

126
Q

Bone marrow finding for essential thrombocytoisis

A

enlarged megakaryocytes

127
Q

Causes of ectopic EPO production (5)

A

Renal cell carcinoma, Wilms tumor, cyst, hepatocellular carcinoma, hydronephrosis

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