Hematology Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
Anisocytosis/poikilocytosis
A
varying sizes/varying shapes
2
Q
Dense granules of platelets
A
ADP, calcium
3
Q
Alpha granules of platelets
A
vWF, fibrinogen
4
Q
vWF receptor
A
Gp1b
5
Q
Fibrinogen receptor
A
GpIIb/IIIa
6
Q
Macrophage surface cell marker
A
CD14
7
Q
Hypersegmented neutrophils indicate…
A
B12/folate deficiency
8
Q
causes of eosinophilia
A
NAACP Neoplasia Asthma Allergic processes Connective tissue disease Parasites
9
Q
Cromolyn sodium
A
prevents mast cell degranulation (asthma prophylaxis)
10
Q
Surface receptors of dendritic cells
A
MHC II, Fc Receptor
11
Q
costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation
A
CD28
12
Q
CD8 recognizes
A
MHC I
13
Q
CD4 recognizes
A
MHC II
14
Q
Class of Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies
A
IgM (don’t cross placenta)
15
Q
class of anti-Rh antibodies
A
IgG (cross placenta)
16
Q
Deficient in Hemophilia A
A
factor VIII
17
Q
Deficient in Hemophilia B
A
factor IX
18
Q
Extrinsic pathway
A
VII
19
Q
Intrinsic pathway
A
XII, XI, IX, VIII
20
Q
Common pathway
A
X, V, II
21
Q
Vit K dependent
A
X, IX, VII, II
22
Q
Primary antithrombin targets
A
II, X
23
Q
Ticlopidine & clopidogrel inhibit…
A
ADP-induced expression of GPIIb/IIIa
24
Q
Abciximab inhibits…
A
GPIIb/IIIa directly
25
Ristocetin
activates vWF binding to GpIb
26
Incr ESR (5)
infections, autoimmune, malignant neoplasm, GI disease, pregnancy
27
decr ESR (5)
polycythemia, sickle cell, CHF, microcytosis, hypofibrinogenemia
28
Assoc with acanthocyte
liver disease, abetalipoproteinemia
29
Assoc with basophilic stippling (4)
anemia of chronic disease, alcohol abuse, lead poisoning, thalassemias
30
Assoc with bite cell
G6PD def
31
Assoc with macro-ovaolcyte
magaloblastic anemia, marrow failure
32
Assoc with schistocyte
DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis
33
Assoc with spherocyte
hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis
34
Assoc with teardrop cell
bone marrow infiltration; myelofibrosis
35
assoc with target cell (4)
HbC disease, asplenia, liver disease, thalassemia
36
Cause and assoc Heinz body
denatured Hb; G6PD, a-thalassemia
37
Cause and assoc Howell-Jolly bodies
nuclear remnants; asplenia
38
Microcytic anemias (5)
iron deficiency, ACD, thalassemias, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anemias
39
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
iron deficiency anemia, esophageal webs, atrophic glossitis
40
a thalassemia: cis vs trans deletion
Asian/African
41
4 allele a thalassemia
Hb Barts (gamma4), hydrops fetalis
42
3 allele a thalassemisa
HbH disease, excess b globin--- froms b4 (mild to moderate anemia, HSM, yellowing skin)
43
b thal minor
asymptomatic, HbA2 >3.5%
44
b thal major
severe anemia, skeletal deform, HSM
45
Enzymes inhibited by lead poisoning
ferrochelatase, ALA dehydratase
46
Signs of Lead poisioning (4)
```
LEAD:
Lead lines on gingivae, metaphyses
Encephalopathy and Erythrocyte basophilic stippling
Abdominal cloic and sideroblastic Anemia
Drops= wrist and foot
```
47
Treatments of lead poisioning
Succimer for chelation for kids
| EDTA/ Dimercaprol
48
Genetic cause sideroblastic anemia
X-linked g-ALA synthase gene
49
treatment of sideroblastic anemia
pyridoxine (B6)
50
Nonhemolytic Normocytic anemia (4)
ACD, Aplastic anemia, chronic kidney disease, iron deficiency
51
Megaloblastic Macrocytic anemia (3)
Folate deficiency, B12 deficiency, Orotic aciduria
52
Homocystiene/ Methylmalonic acid in Folate vs B12 deficiency
Folate: incr homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid
B12: incr homocysteine, incr methylmalonic acid
53
Sx of Folate deficiency
hypersegmented neutrophils, glossitis
54
Sx B12 deficiency
hyperseg neutrophils, glossitis, Peripheral neuropathy (Sensorimotor), dorsal column (vibration/proprioception, lateral corticospinal (spasticity), dementia
55
Orotic aciduria presentation
megaloblastic anemia, not cured by folate or B12
56
Defect in orotic aciduria
UMP synthase (conversion of orotic acid to UMP- de novo pyrimidine synthesis)
57
Treatment of orotic aciduria
Uridine monophosphate
58
Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia: causes
liver disease, alcoholism, reticulocytosis
59
Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia: drugs
5-FU, zidovudine, hydroxyurea
60
Findings in intravascular hemolysis
decr haptoglobin, incr LDH, schistocytes, incr reticulocytes, urobilinogen in urine
61
Findings in extravascular hemolysis
spherocytes, incr LDH, incr unconj bilirubin (jaundice)
62
Mediator of ACD
hepcidin- released by liver
63
Drugs causing aplastic anemia
benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, busulfan, vinblastine
64
Viral agents causing aplastic anemia
parvovirus, EBC, HIV, HCV
65
Intrinsic hemolytic normocytic anemia (5)
Hereditary spherocytosis, G6PD, pyruvate kinase, HbC/HbS defect, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
66
Defect in hereditary spherocytosis
ankyrin, band 3, protein 4.2, spectrin (structural)
67
Tests for hereditary spherocytosis
osmotic fragility test, eosin-5- maleimide binding test
68
Mediators of G6PD disease
decr glutathione, susceptibility to oxidant stress
69
Excacerbated by sulfa drugs, antimalarials, infection, fava beans
G6PD deficiency
70
Presentation of pyruvate kinase deficiency
hemolytic anemia in newborn
71
Defect in HbC
glutamic acid to lysine mutation
72
Defect in HbS
glutamic acid to valine mutation
73
Defective surface marker in PNH
CD55/CD59
74
Triad of PNH
coombs neg hemolytic anemia, pancytopenia, venous thrombosis
75
treatment of PNH
eculizmab
76
Extrinisic hemolytic normocytic anemia (4)
autoimmune, microangiopathic, macroangiopathic, infections
77
SLE assoc with __AIHA
warm
78
CLL assoc with __AIHA
warm and cold
79
M. pneumo assoc with ___AIHA
cold
80
infections mononucleosis assoc with ___AIHA
cold
81
amethyldopa assoc with___AIHA
warm
82
Affected enzyme in Acute intermittent porphyria
porphobilinogen deaminase
83
Symptoms of Acute inermittent porphyria
5 Ps (painful abdomen, port-wine colored urine, polyneuropathy, psych, preciptated by drugs, EtOH, starvation)
84
treatment of Acute intermittent porphyria
glucose, heme
85
porphyria cutanea tarda enzyme deficiency
uropporhyrinogen decarboxylase
86
porphyria cutanea tarda presetnation
blistering cutaneous photosensitivty
87
PT tests
common and extrinsic pathway
88
PTT tests
common and intrinsic pathway
89
Defect in Bernard Soulier
Gp1b
90
Defect in Glansmann thrombasthenia
GpIIb/IIIa
91
Antibodies in immune throbocytopenia
anti-Gpiib/IIIa
92
Inhibited in thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
ADAMTS13
93
Inheritance of vonWil dis
Autosomal dom
94
Treatment of vonwil dis
DDAVP
95
causes of antithrombin defiency
inherited or renal failure/nephrotic syndrome
96
Factors inactivated by Prot C and S
V and VIII
97
multiple, peripheral nodes; extranodal inolvement common
NHL
98
Age distribution H vs NHL
H: bimodal: young adult, >55
NHL: 20-40
99
Most common form NHL
nodular sclerosing
100
Worst prognosis NHL
lymphcyte mixed or depleted
101
Markers of Reed-sternberg cell
CD15, CD30 (2 owl eyesx15=30)
102
2 presentations of Burkitt lymphoma
African: jaw lesion, endemic
| pelvis or abdominal mass: sporadic
103
t(8;14) translocation
Burkitt lymphoma, cymc/heavy-chain Ig
104
"starry sky" appearance lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma
105
t(14;18) translocation
DLBL, follicular lymphoma, heavy chain Ig/bcl-2
106
t(11;14) translocation
Mantle cell lymphoma; cyclin 1D/ heavy chain Ig
107
presentation Adult T cell lymphoma
lytic bone lsesion, hypercalcemia, cutaneous lesions; HTLV-1 infection
108
Assoc with rouleau formation
multiple myeloma
109
Assoc with Bence jones proteins
multiple myleoma
110
Psuedo-Pelger-Huet anomoly: description/cause
neutrophil with bilobed nuclei/after chemotherapy
111
Age range ALL vs CLL
ALL: 60y
112
markers for ALL
TdT+, CD10+ (pre-B cell only)
113
Assoc with smudge cells
CLL
114
t(12:21) transolcation
better prognosis for ALL
115
Assoc with TRAP+ staining
Hairy cell leukemia
116
Treatment for hairy cell leukemia
cladribine (adenosine analog)
117
Treatment for M3 AML
all-trans retinoic acid
118
complication of treatment of M3 AML
DIC, release of Auer rods
119
Auer rods assoc with
M3 AML
120
t(15;17) translocation assoc with
M3 AML
121
t(9;22) translocation
philadelphia chromosome, CLL, treat with imatinib
122
Expressed by Langher hans cell histiocytosis
S-100, CD1a
123
Assoc with Birbeck granules
Langherhans cell histiocytosis
124
Mutation associated with CML disorders
JAK2
125
Erythromylagia (describe, disease assoc with)
Polycythemia vera; sever, burning pain and reddish or bluish discoloration
126
Bone marrow finding for essential thrombocytoisis
enlarged megakaryocytes
127
Causes of ectopic EPO production (5)
Renal cell carcinoma, Wilms tumor, cyst, hepatocellular carcinoma, hydronephrosis
