Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 1 > Muscskl/skin- pathology > Flashcards

Muscskl/skin- pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What development process and gene are defective in achodroplasia? What is inheritance?

A

endochondral ossification
FGFR3
Aut dom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the cause of type I vs type II osteoporosis?

A

Type I: postmenopausal women

Type II: senile osteoporosis (men + women >70)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What types of fractures are common for type I osteoporosis?

A

femoral neck, distal radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can cure osteopetrosis?

A

bone marrow transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is defective in osteopetrosis?

A

osteoclasts, eg carbonic anhydrase mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is increased in osteomalacia? why?

A

ALP incr

hyperactivity of osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is the heart affected by Paget disease?

A

incr blood flow, incr atriovenous shunts

may result in high-output heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the stages (4) of paget’s disease?

A

lytic-osteoclasts
mixed-osteoclast + osteoblast
sclerotic- osteoblasts
quiescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tumor is located on the epihyseal end of long bone

A

Giant cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bone tumor presents as a soap bubble on xray?

A

giant cell tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are osteosarcomas typically located?

A

metaphysis of long bone

around knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What bone tumor presents as an “onion skin” appearance in bone?

A

ewing sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What transolcation is associated with Ewing Sarcoma?

A

11;22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bone tumor presents as a glistening mass within the medullary cavity?

A

chondrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an osteochondroma?

A

lateral projection of growth plate

mature bone with cartilaginous cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Ewing Sarcoma derived from? What is appearance on histo?

A

neuroectoderm

anaplastic small blue cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which joints are involved in osteoarthritis vs rhematoid arthritis?

A

osteoarthritis- doesnt affect MCP

rheumatoid arthritis- doesnt affect DIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of deviations are seen with RA?

A

ulnar deviation, subluxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are heberden and bouchard nodes found?

A

Heberden- DIP

Bouchard- PIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Compare how ostearthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are affected by use/rest

A

osteoarthrits- improves with rest

rheumatoid arthritis- improves with use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Presents with xerophthalmia, xerostomia, bilateral parotid enlargement

A

sjogren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is podagra?

A

painful MTP joint of big toe- gout

23
Q

What is Libman-Sacks endocarditis?

A

wart-like vegetations on both sides of valve

assoc with SLE

24
Q

What type of immune reaction is associated with lupus nephritis?

A

Type III hypersensitivity

25
Q

Compare the crystals associated with pseudogout vs gout

A

gout needle-like, yellow with parallel light

pseudogout- rhomboid, blue with parallel light

26
Q

What joints are typically affected by psuedogout?

A

large joints, eg knee

27
Q

Presents with ankylosis, uveitis, aortic regurg

A

ankylosing spondylitis

28
Q

What presents with conjuctivitis, urethritis, arthritis?

A

Reiter syndrome

reactive arthritis

29
Q

What are the most common causes of death in SLE?

A

cardiovascular disease
infection
renal disease

30
Q

What are antihistone antibodies specific for?

A

drug-induced lupus

31
Q

What lupus antibodies are specific and prognostic for renal disease?

A

Anti-dsDNA

32
Q

What presents with widespread noncaseating granulomas and elevated serum ACE levels?

A

sarcoidosis

33
Q

What presents with pain and stiffness in shoulders and hips but no muscle weakness

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

34
Q

What is the treatment for fibromylagia?

A

exercise

antidepressants (TCAs, SNRIs), anticonvulsants

35
Q

What is assocaited with heliotrope rash?

A

dermatomyositis

36
Q

Compare inflammation for polymyositis vs dermatmyositis?

A

polymyositis: CD8+ T cells, endomysial inflamm
dermatomyositis: perimysial, CD4+ T cells

37
Q

What are autoantibodies against in myasthenia gravis vs Lambert-eaton?

A

MG: postsynaptic ACh receptor
LE: presynapbtic Ca2+ channel

38
Q

Presents as ptosis, diplopia, muscle weakness

worsens with muscle use

A

Myasthenia gravis

39
Q

Presents as proximal muscle weakness, dry mouth, impotence

improves with use

A

Lambert-eaton

40
Q

What antibodies are associated with diffuse vs limited (CREST) scleroderma?

A

diffuse: scl-70
limited: anticentromere

41
Q

What epidermal layer is expanded in acanthosis?

A

spinosum layer

42
Q

What is the leser-trelat sign?

A

sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses- indicative of underlying GI maligniancy

43
Q

What is the Auspitz sign?

A

pinpoint bleed after scraping off of plaques

indicative of psoriasis

44
Q

What epidermal layers are altered in psoriasis?

A

incr spinosum, decr granulosum

45
Q

What antibodies are present in bullous pemphigoid vs pemphigus vulgarous?

A

PV- desmoglein, desmosome

BP- hemidesmosome

46
Q

How is TEN distinguished from Steven-Johnson?

A

TEN: >30% of body

47
Q

What presents with multiple type of lesions that look like targets with multiple rings and a dusky center?

A

Erythema multiforme

48
Q

What infections and drugs typically cause erythema multiforme?

A

Infxn: HSV, M tb
drug: sulfa, blactam, phenytoin

49
Q

What conditions are acanthosis nigricans associated with?

A

malignancy, hyperinsulinemia

50
Q

What is associated with a “herald patch” and “christmas tree” pattern?

A

pityriasis rosea

51
Q

Presents as a sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes and dermal-epidermal jxn

A

lichen planus

52
Q

What infection is lichen planus associated with?

A

Hep C

53
Q

What type of UV causes sunburn?

A

UVB

54
Q

What tumor marker is associated with melanoma?

A

S100

Step 1 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions