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Step 1 > Neuro- Pathology > Flashcards

Neuro- Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What genes are associated with early onset Alz?

A

APP, PS-1, PS-2

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2
Q

What gene is associated with late onset Alz and which gene is protective?

A

ApoE4- late onset

ApoE2- protective

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3
Q

Compare senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles?

A

Senile plaque- extraceulluar b amyloid core; amyloid b from cleaving APP
Neurofibrillary tanges- intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein

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4
Q

Presents as dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian aspects, change in personality

A

Pick disease (frontotemporal dementia)

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5
Q

Describe the microscopic and gross findings of Pick disease?

A 
Pick bodies- spherical tau protein aggregates
frontotemporal atrophy (spares parietal lobe and post 2/3 of superior temporal gyrus)
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6
Q

Presents as rapid progressive dementia with myoclonus

A

CJD

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7
Q

What are 2 important diagnostic findings in MS?

A

oligoclonal IgG bands in CSF

periventricular plaques

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8
Q

Presents as scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagums

A

Charcot triad of MS (SIN)

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9
Q

what are the treatments of MS?

A

b-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab

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10
Q

What 2 infections are commonly associated with Acute inflammatory demylinating polyradiculopathy?

A

Campy, CMV

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11
Q

Describe adrenuoleukodystrophy

A

X-linked

impaired metabolism of VLCFA- build up in nervous system, adrenal, testes

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12
Q

What viral infection is at increased risk with natalizumab?

A

PML (JC virus)

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13
Q

What cell type is affected in PML?

A

oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

What gene is defective in metachromatic leukodystrophy and what builds up?

A

arylsulfatase A, AR

buildup of sulfatides (impaired production of myelin sheath)

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15
Q

Genetic disorder presents as central and peripheral demyelination with ataxia, dementia

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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16
Q

What genetic defect presents with scoliosis and foot deformities?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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17
Q

What is the inheritance of Charcot-Marie Tooth? What genes are affected?

A

Aut Dom

proteins involved in structure and function of peripheral nerves or myelin sheath

18
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

continuous seizure for >30 min or no gain of consciousness between seizures for >30 min

19
Q

What area of the brain do partial/focal seizures most commonly originate?

A

Medial temporal lobe

20
Q

Compare partial vs complex partial seizure

A

simple- motor, sensory, autonomic, psychic; no loss of consciousness
complex- loss of consciousness

21
Q

What EEG waves are seen in abscence seizures?

A

3hz

22
Q

Describe myoclonic, tonic-clonic, tonic, and atonic seizures

A

myoclonic- quick, repetitive jerks
tonic-clonic- alternating stiffening and movement
tonic- stiffening
atonic- drop seizure (often mistaken for fainting)

23
Q

How does positional testing distinguish peripheral vs central vertigo?

A

Peripheral- delayed horizontal nystagmus

central- immediated nystagmus in any direction

24
Q

What brain tumor is found in cerebral hemispheres and can cross corpus callosum

A

glioblastoma

25
Q

What brain tumor presents with spindle cells concentrically arranged in a whorled pattern and psammoma bodies?

A

Meningioma

26
Q

Brain tumor associated with chicken-wire capillary pattern and fried egg cells, often calcified

A

oligodendroglioma

27
Q

Brain tumor often found at cerebellopontine angle, S-100+

A

shchawnnoma

28
Q

What brain tumor can produce EPO?

A

hemangioblastoma

29
Q

Brain tumor associated with von hippel lindau and often cerebellar

A

hemangioblastoma

30
Q

Brain tmor assocated with closely arranged, thin-walled capillaries with minimal interleaving parenchyma

A

hemangioblastoma

31
Q

Compare the common locations of children vs adult brain tumors?

A

Children- mostly infratentorial, adult mostly supratentorial

32
Q

Brain tumor presents with Homer-Wright rosettes, small blue cells

A

medulloblastoma

33
Q

Brain tumor shows perivascular rosettes, rod-shaped blpharoplasts

A

ependymoma

34
Q

Brain tumor shows rosenthal fibers

A

pilocytic astrocytoma

35
Q

Where are pilocytic astrocytomas typicall found

A

posterior fossa (eg cerebellum)

36
Q

Where are ependymomas typically found?

A

4th ventricle

37
Q

What is the most common childhood supratentorial tumor

A

craniopharyngioma

38
Q

What type of herniation can compress the ACA?

A

cingulate herniation under falx cerebri

39
Q

What type of herniation can compress the brain stem and result in coma and death

A

cerebellar tonsillar herniation

40
Q

What can present as CNII lesion, contralateral homonymous hemianopsia, ipsilateral paralysis?

A

Uncal herniation

Step 1 (34 decks)

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