Peripartutrient Conditions

Question 1

What happens as a result of placenta retention?

Answer 1

a green vulval discharge occurs in dogs
a brown vulval discharge occurs in cats

Question 2

What drug empties the uterus?

Answer 2

oxytocin- strengthens myometrial contractions- expels placenta

Question 3

If not treated, what can a placenta retention cause?

Answer 3

pyometra- infection of uterus

Question 4

What is postpartum metritis?

Answer 4

infection and inflammation of uterus

Question 5

What are the clinical signs of postpartum metritis?

Answer 5

persistent purulent vulval discharge, lethargy and pyrexia

Question 6

What is Mastitis?

Answer 6

inflammation of mammary gland, dam could reject litter- excessive build-up of milk/ suddenly weaning newborns

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of Mastitis?

Answer 7

localised pain, erythemic, lethargy and anorexia
odema- build up of blood/ swelling

Question 8

What can Mastitis lead to?

Answer 8

agalactia- absence of milk production
bacteraemia- bacterial infection in blood

Question 9

In what stage of the breeding cycle does wood mastitis occur?

Answer 9

Met-oestrus:
progesterone- mammary gland enlargement
prolactin- milk production

Anoestrus:
if pregnant- milk production

Question 10

What are mastitis treatments?

Answer 10

manual expression- reduce build-up
antibiotics- fights against infection
NSAID
opioids
hot/cold compress- active inflammation

Question 11

Mastitis nursing considerations for home care?

Answer 11

stress reduction
observation nutrition /mammary glands
hygiene
hot/cold compression
client compliance
progress pictures

Question 12

What is canine diabetes mellitus (aetiology)?

Answer 12

aetiology- progesterone in insulin (antagonist)- blocks effects

Question 13

What is canine diabetes mellitus (pathophysiology)?

Answer 13

insulin opens cell pathways, electrolytes and glucose enters cells
elevated blood glucose levels

Question 14

What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 14

polydipsia
polyuria
polyphagia

Question 15

What is the treatment of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 15

insulin injections, close observation of blood glucose levels- glucometer

Question 16

Does diabetes mellitus need immediate attention?

Answer 16

yes, embryos prevented from receiving eggs

Question 17

Why is a pregnant bitch more susceptible to low blood calcium levels?

Answer 17

milk production- deprived due to preparing for lactation

skeletal mineralisation- growth of litter

Question 18

What is Eclampsia?

Answer 18

low blood calcium levels, puerperal hypocalcaemia / puerperal tetany

Question 19

What is Eclampsia aetiology?

Answer 19

common late gestation, early postpartum, deficiency in calcium

Question 20

What are clinical signs of Eclampsia?

Answer 20

restlessness, pyrexia, tachycardia, increased salivation, hypotonicity (twitching)

Question 21

What is the calcium phosphorus ratio for cats and dogs?

Answer 21

Ca.1 : P:1
Ca.1 : P:1.5
unbalanced raw diets, contains high phosphate, little calcium

Question 22

What is a BARF diet?

Answer 22

biologically appropriate raw food diet, unbalanced
– homeostasis: body will need increased need of calcium

Question 23

What is caused of an increased need of calcium?

Answer 23

osteoporosis- long term catabolism in bone
eclampsia during / post pregnancy

Question 24

What is Eclampsia treatment?

Answer 24

slow exogenous intravenous calcium gluconate administration
HR and RR monitoring
Oral/ SC calcium administration, given after stabilisation

Question 25

What stage of the oestrus cycle does Eclampsia occur?

Answer 25

Met-oestrus and lactation

Question 26

What is general eclampsia pregnancy advice?

Answer 26

separate the puppies, reduce stress, prevent suckling