Peripartutrient Conditions Flashcards
clinical conditions
What happens as a result of placenta retention?
a green vulval discharge occurs in dogs
a brown vulval discharge occurs in cats
What drug empties the uterus?
oxytocin- strengthens myometrial contractions- expels placenta
If not treated, what can a placenta retention cause?
pyometra- infection of uterus
What is postpartum metritis?
infection and inflammation of uterus
What are the clinical signs of postpartum metritis?
persistent purulent vulval discharge, lethargy and pyrexia
What is Mastitis?
inflammation of mammary gland, dam could reject litter- excessive build-up of milk/ suddenly weaning newborns
What are the clinical signs of Mastitis?
localised pain, erythemic, lethargy and anorexia
odema- build up of blood/ swelling
What can Mastitis lead to?
agalactia- absence of milk production
bacteraemia- bacterial infection in blood
In what stage of the breeding cycle does wood mastitis occur?
Met-oestrus:
progesterone- mammary gland enlargement
prolactin- milk production
Anoestrus:
if pregnant- milk production
What are mastitis treatments?
manual expression- reduce build-up
antibiotics- fights against infection
NSAID
opioids
hot/cold compress- active inflammation
Mastitis nursing considerations for home care?
stress reduction
observation nutrition /mammary glands
hygiene
hot/cold compression
client compliance
progress pictures
What is canine diabetes mellitus (aetiology)?
aetiology- progesterone in insulin (antagonist)- blocks effects
What is canine diabetes mellitus (pathophysiology)?
insulin opens cell pathways, electrolytes and glucose enters cells
elevated blood glucose levels
What are the clinical signs of diabetes mellitus?
polydipsia
polyuria
polyphagia
What is the treatment of diabetes mellitus?
insulin injections, close observation of blood glucose levels- glucometer
Does diabetes mellitus need immediate attention?
yes, embryos prevented from receiving eggs
Why is a pregnant bitch more susceptible to low blood calcium levels?
milk production- deprived due to preparing for lactation
skeletal mineralisation- growth of litter
What is Eclampsia?
low blood calcium levels, puerperal hypocalcaemia / puerperal tetany
What is Eclampsia aetiology?
common late gestation, early postpartum, deficiency in calcium
What are clinical signs of Eclampsia?
restlessness, pyrexia, tachycardia, increased salivation, hypotonicity (twitching)
What is the calcium phosphorus ratio for cats and dogs?
Ca.1 : P:1
Ca.1 : P:1.5
unbalanced raw diets, contains high phosphate, little calcium
What is a BARF diet?
biologically appropriate raw food diet, unbalanced
– homeostasis: body will need increased need of calcium
What is caused of an increased need of calcium?
osteoporosis- long term catabolism in bone
eclampsia during / post pregnancy
What is Eclampsia treatment?
slow exogenous intravenous calcium gluconate administration
HR and RR monitoring
Oral/ SC calcium administration, given after stabilisation
What stage of the oestrus cycle does Eclampsia occur?
Met-oestrus and lactation
What is general eclampsia pregnancy advice?
separate the puppies, reduce stress, prevent suckling
