Period 6 1898-1945 3/11/2025

Question 1

What was the location of the peace conference that resulted in the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 1

Palace of Versailles right outside of Paris

Question 2

Which nations were represented at the peace conference?

Answer 2

Every nation who fought in the war

Question 3

Who were the Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 3

Great Britain, France, Italy, and the U.S.

Question 4

What did some heads of nations want in addition to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 4

Revenge on Germany and compensation

Question 5

Who met daily with Great Britain, France, and Italy to discuss plans for the Treaty?

Answer 5

President Wilson

Question 6

What did President Wilson hope the Big Four would agree to?

Answer 6

A League of Nations

Question 7

What was the term used to describe Germany’s acceptance of blame for starting the war?

Answer 7

War guilt

Question 8

What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

Answer 8

An international peace organization

Question 9

What were reparations in the context of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 9

Germany was to pay for the damage caused by the war

Question 10

What limitations were set on Germany’s military as part of the Treaty?

Answer 10

Limits were set on the size of the German army

Question 11

What territories did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty?

Answer 11

Anschluss and overseas territories

Question 12

What was the catalyst for Germany being blamed for the war?

Answer 12

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Germany stepped in and made it a worldwide affair

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Germany was blamed for the war since they caused the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand to be a _______.

Answer 13

world-wide problem

Question 14

What fraction of the Senate did Wilson need for the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 14

2/3 of the Senate

Question 15

What was the stance of Republicans regarding the League of Nations?

Answer 15

They were anti the idea of a league of nations

Question 16

What were the two factions of Senators against the Treaty called?

Answer 16

Irreconcilable faction and reservationist faction

Question 17

What was the position of the reservationist faction regarding the Treaty?

Answer 17

They would be ok if some parts were tweaked

Question 18

What was Wilson’s strategy regarding the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 18

He chose to fight for the treaty as is

Question 19

What action did Wilson take to gain public support for the treaty?

Answer 19

He went out for public support

Question 20

What significant health event occurred to Wilson while making a speech in Colorado?

Answer 20

He collapsed

Question 21

What happened to Wilson a few days after he collapsed?

Answer 21

He suffered a massive stroke

Question 22

What was the outcome of Wilson’s efforts to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 22

The Treaty was never ratified

Question 23

What was the status of the U.S. in relation to the League of Nations after Wilson’s efforts?

Answer 23

The U.S. didn’t join the League of Nations

Question 24

What happened after Wilson left office in 1921 regarding peace with Germany?

Answer 24

The U.S. made peace with Germany

Question 25

What was a significant challenge faced by returning soldiers after World War I?

Answer 25

Finding work ## Footnote Many returning soldiers struggled to reintegrate into civilian life due to a lack of job opportunities.

Question 26

What economic trend occurred after the wartime production boom?

Answer 26

Production fell off ## Footnote The decline in production led to significant unemployment rates.

Question 27

What percentage of the workforce was unemployed post-World War I?

Answer 27

10% ## Footnote This figure reflects the high unemployment rate during the postwar period.

Question 28

What was the Red Scare characterized by?

Answer 28

Anti-communist hysteria ## Footnote This period fueled xenophobia and led to restrictions on immigration.

Question 29

What were the Palmer Raids?

Answer 29

Attempts to arrest and deport radical leftists ## Footnote Led by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, these raids targeted anarchists.

Question 30

What year did the significant strikes due to unionization occur?

Answer 30

1919 ## Footnote These strikes were predominantly peaceful despite the underlying tensions.

Question 31

What caused racial tension during the postwar period?

Answer 31

Migration of African Americans to the North ## Footnote This migration led to increased competition for jobs and housing.

Question 32

Where did the worst race riot occur, and what were the casualties?

Answer 32

Chicago; 40 killed and 500 injured ## Footnote This riot exemplified the severe racial conflicts of the time.

Question 33

Why did factory owners not want to give men their jobs back?

Answer 33

They could pay the women less than the male and they would work the same amount

Question 34

What led to the Palmer Raids?

Answer 34

The red scare

Question 35

Who was the Democratic candidate in the Election of 1920?

Answer 35

Gov. James Cox ## Footnote He urged the adoption of the League of Nations.

Question 36

What did Senator Warren Harding promise during his campaign?

Answer 36

A 'return to normalcy' ## Footnote This phrase reflected the desire for stability after World War I.

Question 37

What was the outcome of the Election of 1920?

Answer 37

Harding was elected by a landslide. ## Footnote This indicated a shift in public sentiment away from the Progressive ideals.

Question 38

What did the Election of 1920 signify regarding the Progressive era?

Answer 38

The end of idealism and activism that characterized the prewar years. ## Footnote The election marked a significant political shift in the United States.

Question 39

Which party controlled the executive branch through the 1920s?

Answer 39

Republican Party

Question 40

What was the state of Congress during the 1920s?

Answer 40

Solidly Republican

Question 41

What was the economic condition for business during the 1920s?

Answer 41

Business boomed

Question 42

Which groups struggled during the 1920s despite business growth?

Answer 42

Farmers & unions

Question 43

What economic philosophy did Republican leadership adopt in the 1920s?

Answer 43

Limited government regulation to stabilize business

Question 44

True or False: The Republican leadership in the 1920s preached laissez-faire economics.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The philosophy of the Republican Party was that the nation would benefit if _______ took the lead in developing the economy.

Answer 45

[business and the pursuit of profits]

Question 46

Who did Warren G. Harding pardon during his presidency?

Answer 46

Eugene Debs ## Footnote Debs was a Socialist leader.

Question 47

What motivated Harding's decision to pardon Eugene Debs?

Answer 47

Harding's generous spirit ## Footnote This decision was not based on ideology, as Harding was a conservative.

Question 48

Which tax policy did Harding approve during his presidency?

Answer 48

Reduction in the income tax ## Footnote This was one of the measures adopted by the Republican Congress.

Question 49

What significant tariff legislation did Harding support?

Answer 49

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922 ## Footnote This act included an increase in tariff rates.

Question 50

What government institution did Harding establish?

Answer 50

Bureau of the Budget ## Footnote It was responsible for placing procedures for all government expenditures.

Question 51

What characterized Harding's presidency?

Answer 51

Scandals and corruption ## Footnote This was similar to the issues faced during Ulysses Grant's presidency.

Question 52

Name two dishonest officials appointed by Harding.

Answer 52

* Albert Fall * Harry Daugherty

Question 53

What scandal involved Albert Fall?

Answer 53

Accepted bribes for granting oil leases near Teapot Dome, Wyoming ## Footnote This was discovered by Congress in 1924.

Question 54

What was Harry Daugherty accused of?

Answer 54

Taking bribes for agreeing not to prosecute certain criminal suspects

Question 55

When did Warren G. Harding die?

Answer 55

August 1923 ## Footnote He died while traveling in the West.

Question 56

Was Harding implicated in any scandals during his presidency?

Answer 56

No ## Footnote He was never implicated in any scandal.

Question 57

Who was the Republican nominee in the election of 1924?

Answer 57

Calvin Coolidge ## Footnote He was the Governor of Massachusetts.

Question 58

Who did the Democrats nominate in the election of 1924?

Answer 58

John W. Davis ## Footnote He was a lawyer from West Virginia.

Question 59

Who was the Progressive nominee in the election of 1924?

Answer 59

Robert La Follette ## Footnote He was from Wisconsin.

Question 60

What was the outcome of the election of 1924?

Answer 60

Calvin Coolidge won the election.

Question 61

What was Calvin Coolidge known as due to his demeanor?

Answer 61

'Silent Cal' ## Footnote This nickname reflects his tendency to speak very little.

Question 62

Why did Coolidge believe silence was good politics?

Answer 62

He stated, 'If you don't say anything, you won't be called on to repeat it.' ## Footnote This highlights his strategic approach to communication.

Question 63

How did Coolidge summarize his presidency?

Answer 63

'The business of America is business.' ## Footnote This phrase reflects his belief in the importance of business in American society.

Question 64

What was Coolidge's belief regarding government involvement in business?

Answer 64

He believed in limited government that stood aside while business conducted its own affairs. ## Footnote This indicates his laissez-faire approach to economics.

Question 65

What was the primary focus of Coolidge's administration?

Answer 65

Keeping a close watch on the budget. ## Footnote This reflects his fiscal conservatism.

Question 66

Who was the Republican nominee for the election of 1928?

Answer 66

Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover

Question 67

What did Herbert Hoover campaign about during the election of 1928?

Answer 67

That poverty would soon end

Question 68

Who was the Democratic nominee for the election of 1928?

Answer 68

Governor of NY Alfred E. Smith

Question 69

What was Alfred E. Smith's religious affiliation?

Answer 69

Devout Roman Catholic

Question 70

What stance did Alfred E. Smith take regarding prohibition?

Answer 70

Opposed the prohibition

Question 71

What was the outcome of the election of 1928?

Answer 71

Herbert Hoover won in a landslide

Question 72

What took a backseat in the 1920s?

Answer 72

Politics

Question 73

What did Americans focus on during the 1920s?

Answer 73

Adapting to economic growth and social change

Question 74

What was the state of the economy at the beginning of the 1920s?

Answer 74

A brief postwar recession in 1921

Question 75

What period of business prosperity occurred in the 1920s?

Answer 75

1922-1928

Question 76

What significant economic event happened in October 1929?

Answer 76

The nation's worst stock market crash

Question 77

Fill in the blank: The decade of the 1920s ended in _______.

Answer 77

economic disaster

Question 78

What manufacturing system did Henry Ford perfect in 1914?

Answer 78

Assembly line ## Footnote This system allowed workers to remain in one place and perform simple operations repeatedly at high speed.

Question 79

What was one of the major energy technologies that contributed to economic growth?

Answer 79

Increased use of oil and electricity ## Footnote Coal was still used for railroads and heating homes.

Question 80

What government policy in the 1920s favored big business?

Answer 80

Corporate tax cuts and lax enforcement of antitrust laws ## Footnote This policy helped the growth of large corporations.

Question 81

Fill in the blank: Henry Ford's workers performed the same simple operation _______.

Answer 81

over and over again at rapid speed

Question 82

True or False: Coal was completely phased out as an energy source in the 1920s.

Answer 82

False ## Footnote Coal continued to be used for railroads and heating homes.