Period 7 1898-1946 2/27/2025 Flashcards
What major issue persisted in the U.S. after the ratification of the Treaty of Paris?
Imperialism
Imperialism was a significant topic of debate in U.S. politics following the Treaty of Paris.
Who led the Anti-Imperialist League?
William Jennings Bryan
The Anti-Imperialist League opposed further U.S. expansion in the Pacific.
What was the central legal question regarding U.S. territories like the Philippines and Puerto Rico?
Did the provisions of the U.S. Constitution apply to these territories?
This question was pivotal in the debate over imperialism in the U.S.
What was the position of anti-imperialists regarding constitutional rights in U.S. territories?
They argued that constitutional rights should apply to U.S. territories
William Jennings Bryan and others believed in the extension of rights to territories.
What was the argument of leading imperialists regarding constitutional rights in U.S. territories?
They argued that constitutional rights did not automatically extend to territorial possessions
This was a key point in the imperialist perspective.
What were the Insular Cases?
A series of Supreme Court cases from 1901-1903
The Insular Cases addressed the status of U.S. territories and constitutional rights.
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Insular Cases?
Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial possessions
The ruling favored the imperialist perspective.
Who had the power to decide whether to grant constitutional rights to U.S. territories?
Congress
The Supreme Court ruled that the decision on rights belonged to Congress.
What was one positive consequence of the Spanish-American War?
Its effect on the way Americans & Europeans thought about U.S. power
The war shifted perceptions regarding the United States as a global power.
How did European nations view the U.S. following the Spanish-American War?
They recognized the U.S. as a power with a strong navy & a willingness to take an active role in foreign affairs
This recognition marked a significant change in international relations.
What was the role of American missionaries and entrepreneurs in Hawaii before the war?
They settled in the Pacific Islands of Hawaii for decades.
What did expansionists seek regarding Hawaii?
They long coveted the islands.
In what year did American settlers aid in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarch?
1893
Who was the Hawaiian monarch that was overthrown?
Queen Liliuokalani
What was President Cleveland’s stance on the annexation of Hawaii?
He opposed Republican efforts to annex Hawaii.
What event provided a pretext for the annexation of Hawaii?
The outbreak of war and fight for the Philippines.
When did Congress and President McKinley complete the annexation of Hawaii?
July 1898
In what year did Hawaii become a territory of the U.S.?
1900
When did Hawaii become the 50th state in the Union?
August 1959
Why did I it take so long till Hawaii became a state?
Because they needed enough people to be considered a state and they ah dot agree to becoming a state
Who were the Republicans’ candidates in the election of 1900?
President McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt for vice president
Theodore Roosevelt was a war hero and the Governor of New York.
Who did the Democrats nominate in the election of 1900?
William Jennings Bryan
Bryan had also been the Democratic nominee in 1896.
What economic policy did William Jennings Bryan argue for in the election of 1900?
Free silver
Bryan’s platform was weak due to the acceptance of the gold standard by most Americans.
What significant national sentiment was present during the election of 1900 regarding imperialism?
Many Americans questioned imperialism, but accepted the new territories as an accomplished fact
This included territories like the Philippines acquired during the war.
What was the main issue that influenced the election of 1900?
Growing national economic prosperity
This prosperity led voters to give McKinley a larger margin of victory than in 1896.
Fill in the blank: William Jennings Bryan had a weak platform since there is already the _______.
gold standard
True or False: Many Americans were in favor of giving up newly gained territories during the election of 1900.
False
Americans were not likely to give up territories they had just acquired.
What was the effect of John Hay’s policies on European perceptions?
Europeans were impressed by U.S. involvement in global politics.
What were spheres of influence in China during the 1890s?
Areas where Russia, Japan, Great Britain, France, and Germany dominated trade and investment.
What did John Hay’s 1899 diplomatic note request from nations holding spheres of influence?
To accept the concept of an Open Door for equal trading privileges in China.
What was the Open Door Policy?
A policy that allowed all nations to have equal trading privileges in China.
What was the response of nations to Hay’s Open Door concept?
No nation rejected the concept.
How did the press react to Hay’s Open Door Policy?
It was hailed as a diplomatic triumph.
Fill in the blank: John Hay’s diplomatic note aimed to prevent the U.S. from losing access to the rich _______.
China trade
What did Secretary of State Hay’s note to the imperialistic powers in 1900 emphasize?
U.S. commitment to preserve China’s territorial integrity and safeguard equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire
Which U.S. administrations did Hay’s note influence?
McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt & future presidents
What policy did Hay’s note set for the U.S. regarding China?
Open Door policy
In which decade did the Open Door policy significantly influence U.S. relations with Japan?
1930s
True or False: Hay’s note to the imperialistic powers was solely focused on U.S. economic interests in China.
False
Fill in the blank: Hay’s note to the imperialistic powers stated U.S. commitment to preserve China’s _______.
territorial integrity
What was the primary purpose of Hay’s note regarding trade in China?
To safeguard equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese empire
What event led to Theodore Roosevelt becoming president?
The assassination of President McKinley by an anarchist.
What was Theodore Roosevelt’s motto regarding foreign policy?
“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
What term did the press use to describe Roosevelt’s foreign policy?
“Big Stick” policy.
What was the primary goal of Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy?
To build the reputation of the U.S. as a world power.
Who supported Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy and why?
Imperialists supported it because they wanted to expand and become a world power.
What was a common criticism of the Big Stick Policy?
It broke from the tradition of noninvolvement in global politics.
True or False: Critics of the Big Stick Policy favored increased global involvement.
False.
Fill in the blank: Roosevelt’s foreign policy aimed to __________ the U.S. as a world power.
build the reputation of
