1800-1848 12/2/2024 Flashcards
What were the two main themes of the Second Great awakening? Which one wasn’t in the First Great Awakening?
The two main themes of the Second Great Awakening was religion and culture. Culture wasn’t a part of the First Great Awakening
What was the Second Great Awakening a reaction against religiously?
The Calvinistic (Puritan) approach
It was a shift from the beliefs prominent during the Enlightenment period and the American Revolution.
What were the shifting beliefs during the Second Great Awakening?
Strayed from original sin and predestination to liberal and forgiving ideas
This marked a significant change in religious thought.
Who became prominent figures during the Second Great Awakening in converting others?
Preachers
Who was Charles G. Finney?
A major preacher known for emotional sermons emphasizing individual conversion
He played a significant role in the Second Great Awakening.
What lifestyle did Charles G. Finney promote?
A pure lifestyle with no alcohol and no non-religious entertainment
This was part of his emphasis on individual conversion.
What were the revivals during the Second Great Awakening known for?
Lasting for weeks in New York, known as the burned-over district
This area became famous for its intense religious fervor.
What type of people did the preachers appeal to in the SGA?
They appealed to a larger, mostly uneducated crowd of believers. Low and middle class citizens as well as African Americans.
What is the burned over district a metaphor for?
Preachers would go and try to preach people and spread like wildfire to convert people
What two main denominations make up the African American Church?
Baptists and Methodists
What was a significant impact of the African American Church on individuals who felt excluded from traditional churches?
Preached to many who felt they never belonged to a church before
What doctrine allowed individuals to determine their own eternal destination in the African American Church?
Doctrine of Free Will
Why did the Doctrine of Free Will resonate particularly well with slaves?
Because they lacked choices
In which region did the African American Church become particularly large?
The South
Was the African American Church open to both blacks and whites?
Yes
What belief was associated with Millennialism in the context of the African American Church?
The world was about to end with the second coming of Jesus
What significant date was associated with the belief in Millennialism, and what happened after it passed?
October 21, 1844; they continued on as Seventh Day Adventists as nothing happened that day
What was the response of the Seventh Day Adventists after the predicted end of the world did not occur?
They claimed God changed something so they should change too (reason they changed from millenialism to Seventh day Adventist)
Who founded the Mormons?
Joseph Smith
In what year were the Mormons founded?
1830
What book did Joseph Smith base his religious thinking on?
The Book of Mormon
Where did Joseph Smith and his followers migrate from and to?
From New York to Illinois
What happened to Joseph Smith in Illinois?
He was killed by a mob
Who took over leadership after Joseph Smith?
Brigham Young
Why did the Mormons migrate to Utah after Joseph Smith died?
It wasn’t a state yet, so the government couldn’t kick them out
Who were the key writers associated with Transcendentalism?
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau
What did Transcendentalists question?
Established doctrines of the churches and business practices of the business class
What value did Transcendentalists place above wealth?
Artistic expression
What social issue did Transcendentalists strongly oppose?
Slavery
What was significant about Transcendentalists’ stance on slavery?
They were the first to ever publicly state they are against slavery
What action did Transcendentalists urge individuals to take regarding unjust laws?
Not to obey them
What is the term for the peaceful protest method advocated by Transcendentalists?
Civil disobedience
Fill in the blank: Transcendentalists valued _______ as well as anti-slavery.
Individualism
True or False: Transcendentalists advocated for violent protests against unjust laws.
False
What was the primary goal of those seeking to form ideal communities in America?
Human perfectibility
These communities aimed to create a better society away from mainstream norms.
Who established Brook Farm and what was its focus?
George Ripley; transcendentalist utopian community
Brook Farm was located near Boston and consisted of writers and intellectuals.
What type of individuals made up the New Harmony community in Indiana?
Scientists, scholars, and educators
They aimed to pursue perfection through their daily life and conduct.
What controversial practice was used by The Oneida Community?
Eugenics to produce superior offspring
This practice was ironic as these communities aimed to promote individualism.
Fill in the blank: Brook Farm was a _______ utopian community.
[transcendentalist]
This indicates its philosophical and literary orientation.
What was the primary focus of the Oneida Community?
Producing superior offspring through eugenics
This focus contrasted with the community’s ideals of individualism.
