1848-1877 1/6/7/2025 Flashcards
What were the conditions for soldiers during the civil war?
Very poor, leading to disease and death
Poor conditions were a significant factor in the suffering of soldiers on both sides.
Who became the superintendent of women nurses during the civil war?
Dorothea Dix
Dix recognized the need for organized nursing support.
Who was the most famous Union nurse during the civil war?
Clara Barton
Barton was known for her efforts in helping soldiers at the front line.
What organization did Clara Barton help to create after the civil war?
The American Red Cross in 1881
The organization was established to provide emergency assistance and disaster relief.
What city did Union forces control along with most of the Mississippi River in spring 1863?
New Orleans
This control was significant for the Union’s strategy in the Civil War.
How long did General Grant besiege Vicksburg?
7 weeks
The siege ended with the Confederacy’s surrender on July 4, 1863.
What was the outcome of the siege of Vicksburg for the Union?
Control of the entire Mississippi River
This cut off Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas from the Confederacy.
What was General Lee’s objective during the Gettysburg campaign?
Capture a major Union city or destroy the Union army
This was part of the Confederate strategy to gain an advantage.
On what date did the Confederates invade Union forces at Gettysburg?
July 1, 1863
This invasion marked the beginning of the crucial battle.
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg?
It became the most crucial and bloodiest battle of the Civil War
The battle resulted in approximately 50,000 casualties.
What was the result of the Battle of Gettysburg for the Confederate army?
Major destruction and retreat back to Virginia
After the battle, the Confederate army could not regain the offensive.
What is the main theme of the Gettysburg Address?
The main theme is the dedication to the principles of human equality and the importance of preserving the Union.
True or False: The Gettysburg Address was delivered during a speech at a cemetery dedication.
True
Fill in the blank: The Gettysburg Address emphasizes the idea of a ‘____ nation’ that was conceived in liberty.
new
Who delivered the Gettysburg Address?
Abraham Lincoln
Which battle is the Gettysburg Address associated with?
The Battle of Gettysburg
Who was General Grant’s key military leader known for aggressive tactics?
General William Tecumseh Sherman
What type of warfare was General Sherman known for?
Total war tactics
What effect did Sherman’s march have on the Confederacy?
Helped to break the spirit of the Confederacy
What significant event did Sherman’s actions coincide with?
Lincoln’s Gettysburg address
Fill in the blank: Sherman was known for setting out on a path of _______.
destruction
What was one of the most memorable actions taken by Sherman during his march?
Burning down most of Atlanta
True or False: Sherman’s tactics were ineffective for the Union.
False
How did General Grant’s tactics contribute to the success of the Union?
By using aggressive tactics, including Sherman’s total war approach
Who was the Democratic nominee in the Election of 1864?
General George McClellan
What was General George McClellan’s platform in the Election of 1864?
For peace
What did the Republicans rename the Unionist party for the Election of 1864?
To attract new voters
Who was nominated as President by the Republicans in the Election of 1864?
President Lincoln
Who was nominated as vice president alongside Lincoln in the Election of 1864?
Andrew Johnson
What was the outcome of the Election of 1864?
Lincoln won his 2nd term
What did the Confederate government attempt to negotiate for?
Peace
However, Lincoln would accept nothing less than restoration of the Union.
What was Jefferson Davis’s stance during the negotiations?
Demanded independence
How many soldiers did General Lee have when he tried to escape?
About 30,000
Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant?
Appomattox Courthouse
On what date did the surrender at Appomattox occur?
April 9, 1865
What was the nature of the interaction between General Lee and General Grant during the surrender?
They treated each other with respect and honor
What’s the main point of the 13th amendment?
No more slavery is allowed in the U.S.
Who assassinated President Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth
Booth was a Confederate sympathizer.
On what date did Lincoln’s assassination occur?
April 14, 1865
Where was President Lincoln assassinated?
Ford’s Theater in Washington
What happened to Lincoln after he was shot?
He remained unconscious overnight and died the next morning
On what date did President Lincoln die?
April 15, 1865
How many Americans publicly mourned the loss of President Lincoln?
7 million
Why was John Wilkes Booth able to get near Lincoln in fords theater
He was an actor in fords theater
What’s another name for Lincoln’s and Andrew Johnson’s plan for reconstruction?
Presidential reconstruction
What was the period after the Civil War during which the U.S. began to rebuild?
Reconstruction
Lasting from 1865 to 1877.
What did Lincoln believe about the Southern states after the Civil War?
They had never truly left the Union
Lincoln hoped they could be reestablished by meeting a minimum test of political loyalty.
What was Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction known as?
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (10% Plan)
This plan proposed that a Southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10% of its voters swore an oath of allegiance.
What was the name of the bill that proposed a stricter requirement for Southern states’ readmission?
Wade-Davis Bill
This bill required a majority of white males in a state to take an oath of allegiance.
What was Lincoln’s 10% Plan?
A plan for reintegrating Southern states into the Union after the Civil War.
What conditions were required for Confederates to receive full presidential pardons under Lincoln’s 10% Plan?
They had to:
* Take an oath of allegiance to the Union and the U.S. Constitution
* Accept the emancipation of the slaves
How many voters in a Southern state needed to take the loyalty oath for a state government to be reestablished under Lincoln’s 10% Plan?
10% of the voters in that state