Period 7 1898-1945 3/12/2025 Flashcards
What manufacturing system did Henry Ford perfect in 1914?
Assembly line manufacturing
This system allowed workers to focus on a single operation, increasing efficiency.
How did the assembly line impact worker productivity?
Workers remained in one place and performed the same operation repeatedly at rapid speed
This reduced time lost in movement across the factory.
What were the main energy technologies contributing to economic growth?
Increased use of oil and electricity
Coal was still used primarily for railroads and heating homes.
What government policies in the 1920s favored big business?
Corporate tax cuts and minimal enforcement of antitrust laws
This was a shift from the Progressive Era’s stricter regulations.
Fill in the blank: The increased use of _______ and electricity contributed to economic growth.
oil
True or False: The government in the 1920s actively enforced antitrust laws.
False
The government did almost nothing to enforce these laws during this period.
What was a major advantage of the assembly line for manufacturing?
Increased productivity by reducing movement time
This allowed for faster production rates.
What industry did the automobile replace as the key promoter of economic growth?
The railroad industry
Name one way the automobile affected shopping.
Increased accessibility to shopping locations
How did the automobile influence traveling?
Promoted traveling for pleasure
What role does the automobile play in commuting?
Facilitates commuting to work
Fill in the blank: The automobile has had impacts on _______ in dating.
Dating
What is a negative social consequence of increased automobile use?
Traffic jams
What are two consequences of automobile accidents?
Injuries and death
List three industries that depend on automobiles.
- Manufacturing
- Retail
- Insurance
True or False: The automobile has had no significant impact on American society.
False
What burden did farmers face after borrowing heavily during the war?
A heavy burden of debt
Farmers expanded their operations but were left with significant financial liabilities.
Which new technologies helped farmers increase production in the 1920s?
Chemical fertilizers and gasoline tractors
These technologies were introduced to enhance agricultural productivity.
Did new technologies solve farmers’ problems in the 1920s?
No
While they increased production, they did not address the underlying financial issues.
What was the effect of increased productivity on farmers’ debts?
It increased their debts
Growing surpluses led to falling prices, worsening the financial situation for farmers.
Fill in the blank: Farmers borrowed heavily to expand during the war and were left with a heavy burden of _______.
debt
True or False: The introduction of new technologies in farming completely resolved the financial issues faced by farmers in the 1920s.
False
New technologies did not eliminate the challenges farmers encountered.
What was the relationship between growing surpluses and prices for farmers in the 1920s?
Growing surpluses produced falling prices
This economic dynamic further exacerbated the financial strain on farmers.
What burden did farmers face after borrowing heavily during the war?
A heavy burden of debt.
Many farmers expanded their operations during the war, leading to financial strain post-war.
What new technologies helped farmers increase production in the 1920s?
Chemical fertilizers and gasoline tractors.
These technologies contributed to higher agricultural output.
Did the new technologies solve farmers’ problems in the 1920s?
No, they did not solve their problems.
Despite increased production, farmers still faced significant challenges.
What was the effect of increased productivity on farmers’ debts?
It increased their debts.
Growing surpluses led to falling prices, exacerbating financial issues.
Fill in the blank: Farmers who had borrowed heavily to expand during the war were left with a heavy burden of _______.
debt.
What happened to wages during the 1920s?
Wages rose during the 1920s
What was the trend in union membership during the 1920s?
Membership in unions declined 20%
What practice did most companies insist on that affected union membership?
Open shop
What is welfare capitalism?
Voluntarily offering improved benefits and higher wages to employees
Who led the United Mine Workers?
John Lewis
What types of strikes did the United Mine Workers experience?
Violent and ultimately unsuccessful strikes
In which states did the United Mine Workers suffer setbacks?
Pennsylvania, West Virginia, & Kentucky
What actions did conservative courts take against labor movements?
Issued injunctions against strikes and nullified labor laws
Fill in the blank: The union movement went ______ during the 1920s.
backward
What cultural movement is symbolized by jazz in the 1920s?
Jazz Age
Jazz became a representation of new and modern cultures, especially brought North by African Americans.
What medium did radio replace for mass communication?
Newspaper
The advent of radio significantly changed how information was disseminated to the public.
Which two major broadcasting companies allowed nationwide program listening?
NBC and CBS
These companies played a crucial role in unifying the American audience through shared programming.
Who became the new heroes for Americans during the Jazz Age?
Celebrities from the sports page and movie screen
There was a notable shift in admiration from political figures to entertainment icons.
What was the expectation for middle class women in the home?
To stay at home as homemakers and mothers
This reflects the traditional gender roles prevalent during that time.
What types of jobs were women limited to in the labor force?
Clerks, nurses, and teachers
These roles were considered socially acceptable for women in the workforce.
What term describes the changing social norms regarding sexual behavior during this period?
Revolution in Morals
This period saw a shift in attitudes towards promiscuity.
What was a significant social behavior change reflected in this era?
Fashion and Smoking
Both were indicators of changing societal norms.
What statistic reflects the divorce rate by 1930?
1 in 6 marriages ended in divorce
This highlights the increasing acceptance of divorce during this time.
What became the new American goal in education?
Universal High School graduation
This marked a significant shift towards valuing education for all.
Who are some writers associated with the ‘lost generation’?
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, T.S. Eliot, Eugene O’Neill
What did the ‘lost generation’ express disillusionment with?
The ideals of an earlier time and materialism
What style emerged from the fusion of art and technology in architecture?
Art Deco
What inspired painters during this period?
Rural people, the heartland, loneliness, and isolation of urban life
Fill in the blank: Writers such as F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway are part of the _______.
lost generation
True or False: The ‘lost generation’ writers embraced the materialism of their time.
False
Fill in the blank: The architectural style that combines art and technology is called _______.
Art Deco
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A cultural movement featuring talented African American actors, artists, musicians, and writers in Harlem
Where was the largest African American section in NYC?
Harlem
Name a notable poet of the Harlem Renaissance.
Langston Hughes
Who was a prominent novelist during the Harlem Renaissance?
Claude McKay
Identify a famous jazz musician from the Harlem Renaissance.
Duke Ellington
Which iconic musician was known for his contributions to jazz during the Harlem Renaissance?
Louis Armstrong
Who founded the United Negro Improvement Association?
Marcus Garvey
What year was the United Negro Improvement Association brought by Marcus Garvey?
1916
The United Negro Improvement Association advocated for which three main ideas?
- Black nationalism
- Black separatism
- Back to Africa movement
True or False: Marcus Garvey was arrested for fraud.
True
What are some key values in conflict during the described period?
• Division in Religion
• Modernism
• Changing roles of women
• Scientific knowledge
What theory did Darwin propose that was a point of contention?
Darwin’s theory
What movement is characterized by a strict adherence to traditional beliefs?
Fundamentalism
Who condemned modernists during this period?
Fundamentalists
What belief system interprets the Bible literally and rejects evolutionary theory?
Creationism
Who was a prominent revivalist known for attacking drinking, gambling, and dancing?
Billy Sunday
Which revivalist condemned communism and jazz?
Aimee Semple McPherson
What was the name of the trial that involved the teaching of evolution in schools?
Scopes Trial
What action did fundamentalists take regarding the teaching of evolution?
Banned teaching about evolution
Who was the teacher involved in the Scopes Trial?
John Scopes
What was the outcome of John Scopes’ trial?
Convicted but later overturned
What remains a controversial topic between religion and education?
Religion and public schools
What are some key values in conflict during the described period?
• Division in Religion
• Modernism
• Changing roles of women
• Scientific knowledge
What theory did Darwin propose that was a point of contention?
Darwin’s theory
What movement is characterized by a strict adherence to traditional beliefs?
Fundamentalism
Who condemned modernists during this period?
Fundamentalists
What belief system interprets the Bible literally and rejects evolutionary theory?
Creationism
Who was a prominent revivalist known for attacking drinking, gambling, and dancing?
Billy Sunday
Which revivalist condemned communism and jazz?
Aimee Semple McPherson
What was the name of the trial that involved the teaching of evolution in schools?
Scopes Trial
What action did fundamentalists take regarding the teaching of evolution?
Banned teaching about evolution
Who was the teacher involved in the Scopes Trial?
John Scopes
What was the outcome of John Scopes’ trial?
Convicted but later overturned
What remains a controversial topic between religion and education?
Religion and public schools
