Period 6 1865-1900 2/6/2024 Flashcards
What proportion of western tribal groups lived on the Great Plains?
2/3
This statistic highlights the significant presence of American Indians in this region.
What was the purpose of the reservation policy created by the Federal Government?
To assign American Indian Tribes large tracts of land with definite boundaries
This policy was established during negotiations at Fort Laramie and Fort Atkinson.
What were the locations where the reservation policy was established?
Fort Laramie and Fort Atkinson
These sites were crucial during negotiations regarding land assignments.
Fill in the blank: American Indian Tribes will be assigned large tracts of land called _______.
[reservations]
True or False: All American Indian tribes agreed to restrict their movements to reservations.
False
Some tribes refused to limit their movements to the designated reservations.
What led to violence between the army and Indians during the Indian Wars?
Thousands of homesteaders, miners, and ranchers settling on American Indian lands.
Name two significant battles during the Indian Wars.
- Sand Creek
- Little Big Horn
What was the final battle or massacre of the Indian Wars?
Wounded Knee, South Dakota
Who was killed during the Wounded Knee incident?
Sitting Bull
Why was Sitting Bull killed?
He was very powerful and could influence the American Indians greatly on where they travel.
Fill in the blank: The Indian Wars were characterized by violence between the army and _______.
[Indians]
True or False: The Indian Wars ended with the battle of Little Big Horn.
False
What book chronicled the injustices of the American Indians in 1881?
A Century of Dishonor
Written by Helen Hunt Jackson.
What was the primary impact of ‘A Century of Dishonor’ on American public opinion?
Created sympathy for the American Indians and support for ending Indian culture through assimilation.
What methods were proposed to help assimilate American Indians into white culture?
Formal education in boarding schools, job training, and conversion to Christianity.
True or False: The goal of assimilationists was to preserve Indian culture.
False
Fill in the blank: Assimilationists believed that _______ would help teach American Indians the way of the white culture.
[formal education in boarding schools]
What was the purpose of the Dawes Act of 1887?
To break up tribal organizations and promote American Indian assimilation into American society.
Many Americans believed that tribal organizations hindered the civilization of American Indians.
What was the maximum size of land plots allocated under the Dawes Act?
Up to 160 acres, depending on family size.
The act aimed to distribute land to individual American Indians.
What condition was required for American Indians to gain U.S. citizenship under the Dawes Act?
Stay on the land for 25 years and adopt a civilized way of life.
This condition sought to encourage assimilation.
How many acres of land were distributed to American Indians under the Dawes Act?
47 million acres.
This distribution was part of the effort to assimilate American Indians.
By the turn of the century, what was the estimated decline in the American Indian population?
Down 200,000 due to disease and poverty.
This reflects the severe impact of these issues on the American Indian community.
How was the Dawes Act similar to the Homestead Act?
Both acts aimed to distribute land to individuals, promoting settlement and assimilation.
The Homestead Act provided land to settlers in exchange for a commitment to cultivate it.
Who was more likely to agree to the Dawes Act: younger or older American Indians?
Younger American Indians.
Younger individuals were less invested in traditional culture compared to older generations.
True or False: Older American Indians were generally in favor of the Dawes Act.
False.
Older individuals were less likely to accept the Dawes Act due to concerns about their lifespan and the 25-year requirement.
Fill in the blank: The Dawes Act aimed to promote American Indian __________ into American society.
assimilation
The act was part of a broader strategy to integrate American Indians into mainstream American culture.
What significant parks were established during the Conservation Movement?
Yellowstone (1872), Yosemite (1890)
These parks were among the first national parks established in the United States.
What was created to protect timberlands under the Conservation Movement?
Forest Reserve Act 1891
This act regulated the use of timberlands in the United States.
Which presidents were responsible for protecting 33 million acres of land?
Presidents Harrison & Cleveland
Their administration focused on conservation efforts, including the establishment of forest reserves.
Who founded the Sierra Club and in what year?
John Muir, 1892
The Sierra Club played a crucial role in preserving national areas from human interference.
What was the purpose of the Federal Forest Service?
To manage and protect forest reserves
The service was part of the broader conservation efforts in the United States.
Fill in the blank: The Conservation Movement led to the growth of _______ and creation of national parks.
State Parks
This movement emphasized the importance of preserving natural environments.
True or False: The Conservation Movement began with the establishment of the Forest Reserve Act.
False
The movement included earlier actions such as the establishment of national parks.
What was Birmingham, Alabama known for in terms of economic production?
One of the nation’s leading steel producers
This highlights Birmingham’s significant role in the steel industry during economic progress.
Which city was the South’s lumber industry leader?
Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis played a crucial role in the lumber industry in the South.
What industry was Richmond, Virginia known for leading?
The nation’s tobacco leader
Richmond was a major center for tobacco production during this period.
Which states took over the New England states as the chief textile producers?
Georgia, North and South Carolina
This shift marked a significant change in the textile industry in the United States.
What impact did the connection of the South railway system to the North have?
Increased their economy
The railway connection facilitated trade and economic growth between the South and North.
Before industrialization, what was the South’s economy primarily associated with?
Agriculture
The South’s economy was traditionally based on agriculture before transitioning to industrialization.
Fill in the blank: The economy of the South was changing to be more _______.
industrialized
This reflects the shift in economic focus from agriculture to industry.
What event marked the end of Reconstruction?
The end of Reconstruction was marked by the year 1877.
What action did the North take regarding the freedmen after Reconstruction?
The North withdrew its protection of the freedmen.
Who were the Democrats that came to power in the South after Reconstruction?
They were called redeemers.
Who supported the redeemers in the South?
They were supported by businesses and white supremacists.
What tactic did redeemers use to deflect attention from real issues?
They used race as a way to deflect attention.
What were some of the real issues and concerns that redeemers deflected attention from?
They deflected attention from the concerns of the working poor and tenant farmers.
