1800-1848 - Period 4 Flashcards
What year did Napoleon persuade Spain to return the Louisiana Territory to France?
1800
This event raised concerns among Americans about French influence in North America.
Who did Jefferson send to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and western Florida?
James Monroe
Monroe was tasked with preventing a strong French presence in the area.
What was Napoleon’s willingness to sell upon Monroe’s arrival?
The entire Louisiana Territory
This was unexpected and significantly impacted U.S. territory.
For how much was the Louisiana Territory sold?
$15 million
This purchase doubled the size of the United States.
What was a major concern for Americans regarding the return of the Louisiana Territory to France?
A strong French presence could lead to an alliance with Britain against the U.S.
This fear motivated the U.S. government to act decisively.
Fill in the blank: The Louisiana Purchase _______ the size of the U.S.
doubled
This expansion had lasting implications for the nation.
Who was sent out by Jefferson to explore the new territory?
Meriwether Lewis
Jefferson aimed to explore the newly acquired land after the Louisiana Purchase.
Who was chosen as the second in command for the expedition to survey Louisiana?
William Clark
Lewis selected Clark for his skills and experience.
What were the main objectives of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
Survey the land of Louisiana
To learn about the animals, plants, and tribes found along the way
The expedition aimed to gather scientific knowledge and promote American interest in the West.
Who was Sacajawea?
A Native American woman who served as an interpreter and guide
Sacajawea played a crucial role in the success of the expedition in Louisiana
How long did the Lewis and Clark expedition last?
A little over 2 years
The journey took place from 1804 to 1806.
Who appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
John Adams
What were the judges appointed by John Adams on his last night in office called?
Midnight judges
What political party did John Marshall belong to?
Federalist
Why was Jefferson angered regarding the appointment of judges?
He believed it was unconstitutional to appoint these judges so quickly without review
What was John Adams’ political affiliation?
Federalist
Fill in the blank: John Adams filled the positions of federal judges with _______.
federalists
True or False: John Marshall was appointed by a Democratic-Republican president.
False
It was a federalist president John Adams
Who was elected for his second term in 1804?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was not nominated for a second term as vice president in 1804?
Aaron Burr
Who made a remark that angered Burr during the re-election of 1804?
Alexander Hamilton
What event occurred between Hamilton and Burr?
A duel
What did Hamilton do during the duel with Burr?
Shot his gun in the air
What was the outcome of the duel for Hamilton?
He was shot in the stomach and died the next day
What charges were brought against Burr after the duel?
Murder
Where did Burr flee after being charged with murder?
Europe
What action did Britain take against American shipping?
Britain created a blockade by its ports and seized more than 1,000 American ships.
This action contributed to rising tensions between Britain and the United States.
What incident occurred in 1807 involving the British warship Leopard?
The British warship Leopard fired on the U.S. warship Chesapeake, killing 3 and taking 4 captive.
This incident heightened anti-British sentiment in the U.S.
What was the British policy of impressment?
The policy of impressment involved seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into the British navy.
This practice caused significant anger towards Britain among Americans.
What was Jefferson’s alternative to war in response to British actions?
Jefferson thought of the institution of the Embargo Act in 1807
The Embargo Act aimed to prohibit any American ship from sailing to foreign ports.
What was the outcome of the Embargo Act?
The Embargo Act failed as it hurt the economy of the United States.
The economic impact was significant, leading to widespread discontent.
What legislation did Madison enact in 1809 to replace the Embargo Act?
Madison repealed the Embargo Act with the Nonintercourse Act.
The Nonintercourse Act allowed trade with all nations except Britain and France.
Fill in the blank: The Embargo Act prohibited any American ship from sailing to _______.
[foreign port]
True or False: The Nonintercourse Act allowed trade with Britain.
False
The Nonintercourse Act specifically excluded Britain and France from trade.
Who won the election of 1808?
James Madison
What idea did Madison bring up to resolve disputes with Britain?
Go to war with Britain
What were the main causes of the War of 1812?
Impressment, British support for Native American resistance, desire for Canadian territory.
What were the young congressmen from the South and West who called for war against Britain known as?
War Hawks
Who were the leaders of the War Hawks?
- John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
- Henry Clay of Kentucky
True or False: The War Hawks supported the Native Americans against the British.
True
Fill in the blank: The causes of the War of 1812 included violation of U.S. rights at sea and the British on the _______.
western frontier
Who was the Shawnee chief that opposed the signing away of tribal land to Harrison?
Tecumseh
Tecumseh sought to create a confederacy of Native American tribes.
What did General William Henry Harrison invite Native American Chiefs to do?
Sign away 3 million acres of tribal land to the U.S. government
Harrison was the Governor of Indiana at the time.
What was Tecumseh’s main goal?
To create a confederacy of all Native American tribes
Tecumseh aimed to unite tribes against U.S. expansion.
Who assisted Tecumseh in his efforts to unite the tribes?
His brother, the Prophet
The Prophet played a significant role in advocating for resistance.
What significant event occurred in 1811 involving Tecumseh’s brother?
Led a Shawnee attack on Harrison and his troops
This attack took place without Tecumseh’s knowledge.
What was the outcome of Harrison’s attack on the banks of the Tippecanoe River?
Harrison was victorious
This battle was significant in the context of U.S.-Native American relations.
True or False: Many Native American tribes had already accepted payment for their lands before Tecumseh’s confederacy efforts.
True
This acceptance of payment weakened Tecumseh’s confederacy initiative.
What was the state of the U.S. Army and Navy before the war of 1812
Ill-prepared but highly motivated
What significant event occurred in 1814 involving the British?
Raiding and burning down towns along the Atlantic coast, including Washington D.C.
What were the key locations affected by the British raids in 1814?
The capitol and the White House
What agreement was reached between the U.S. and Britain to end the war of 1812?
The Treaty of Ghent
What did the Treaty of Ghent declare?
An armistice/stalemate (no one won)
What was one significant outcome of the War of 1812 regarding U.S. foreign relations?
U.S. gained respect from other nations as they survived 2 wars with Great Britain
What happened to the Federalist party as a result of the War of 1812?
Federalist party officially came to a close
What land-related consequence did Native Americans face after the War of 1812?
Abandoned by the British, Native Americans gave up some land to the whites
What economic change occurred in the U.S. due to the British Naval blockade during the War of 1812?
More factories were being built
What sentiment grew stronger in the U.S. as a result of the War of 1812?
Nationalism grew stronger
What nickname describes Monroe’s years marked by nationalism and optimism?
Era of Good Feelings (1815-1825)
The term reflects the general sense of national unity and optimism during Monroe’s presidency.
During which years did the Era of Good Feelings occur?
(1815-1825)
This period was characterized by a temporary lull in partisan politics and economic growth.
What was the American System?
A plan proposed by President Madison and promoted by Henry Clay to unify the economy of the North and South
What was one key component of the American System?
Developing transportation systems
What types of transportation infrastructure were included in the American System?
- Creation of turnpikes and highways
- Erie Canal stretching 363 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes
Why did Northerners accept protective tariffs?
It helped their economy/didn’t make their economy worse
Why did Southerners resent protective tariffs?
It hindered their economy as they were forced to buy expensive goods from the North instead of buying from other places
What was another key component of the American System?
Re-establishing the national bank
What was the purpose of re-establishing the national bank in the American System?
To create a currency to be accepted nationwide
What did Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston own?
A steamboat company