1800-1848 - Period 4 Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
What year did Napoleon persuade Spain to return the Louisiana Territory to France?
A
1800
This event raised concerns among Americans about French influence in North America.
2
Q
Who did Jefferson send to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and western Florida?
A
James Monroe
Monroe was tasked with preventing a strong French presence in the area.
3
Q
What was Napoleon’s willingness to sell upon Monroe’s arrival?
A
The entire Louisiana Territory
This was unexpected and significantly impacted U.S. territory.
4
Q
For how much was the Louisiana Territory sold?
A
$15 million
This purchase doubled the size of the United States.
5
Q
What was a major concern for Americans regarding the return of the Louisiana Territory to France?
A
A strong French presence could lead to an alliance with Britain against the U.S.
This fear motivated the U.S. government to act decisively.
6
Q
Fill in the blank: The Louisiana Purchase _______ the size of the U.S.
A
doubled
This expansion had lasting implications for the nation.
7
Q
Who was sent out by Jefferson to explore the new territory?
A
Meriwether Lewis
Jefferson aimed to explore the newly acquired land after the Louisiana Purchase.
8
Q
Who was chosen as the second in command for the expedition to survey Louisiana?
A
William Clark
Lewis selected Clark for his skills and experience.
9
Q
What were the main objectives of the Lewis and Clark expedition?
A
Survey the land of Louisiana
To learn about the animals, plants, and tribes found along the way
The expedition aimed to gather scientific knowledge and promote American interest in the West.
10
Q
Who was Sacajawea?
A
A Native American woman who served as an interpreter and guide
Sacajawea played a crucial role in the success of the expedition in Louisiana
11
Q
How long did the Lewis and Clark expedition last?
A
A little over 2 years
The journey took place from 1804 to 1806.
12
Q
Who appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?
A
John Adams
13
Q
What were the judges appointed by John Adams on his last night in office called?
A
Midnight judges
14
Q
What political party did John Marshall belong to?
A
Federalist
15
Q
Why was Jefferson angered regarding the appointment of judges?
A
He believed it was unconstitutional to appoint these judges so quickly without review
16
Q
What was John Adams’ political affiliation?
A
Federalist
17
Q
Fill in the blank: John Adams filled the positions of federal judges with _______.
A
federalists
18
Q
True or False: John Marshall was appointed by a Democratic-Republican president.
A
False
It was a federalist president John Adams
19
Q
Who was elected for his second term in 1804?
A
Thomas Jefferson
20
Q
Who was not nominated for a second term as vice president in 1804?
A
Aaron Burr
21
Q
Who made a remark that angered Burr during the re-election of 1804?
A
Alexander Hamilton
22
Q
What event occurred between Hamilton and Burr?
A
A duel
23
Q
What did Hamilton do during the duel with Burr?
A
Shot his gun in the air
24
Q
What was the outcome of the duel for Hamilton?
A
He was shot in the stomach and died the next day
25
What charges were brought against Burr after the duel?
Murder
26
Where did Burr flee after being charged with murder?
Europe
27
What action did Britain take against American shipping?
Britain created a blockade by its ports and seized more than 1,000 American ships.
## Footnote
This action contributed to rising tensions between Britain and the United States.
28
What incident occurred in 1807 involving the British warship Leopard?
The British warship Leopard fired on the U.S. warship Chesapeake, killing 3 and taking 4 captive.
## Footnote
This incident heightened anti-British sentiment in the U.S.
29
What was the British policy of impressment?
The policy of impressment involved seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into the British navy.
## Footnote
This practice caused significant anger towards Britain among Americans.
30
What was Jefferson's alternative to war in response to British actions?
Jefferson thought of the institution of the Embargo Act in 1807
## Footnote
The Embargo Act aimed to prohibit any American ship from sailing to foreign ports.
31
What was the outcome of the Embargo Act?
The Embargo Act failed as it hurt the economy of the United States.
## Footnote
The economic impact was significant, leading to widespread discontent.
32
What legislation did Madison enact in 1809 to replace the Embargo Act?
Madison repealed the Embargo Act with the Nonintercourse Act.
## Footnote
The Nonintercourse Act allowed trade with all nations except Britain and France.
33
Fill in the blank: The Embargo Act prohibited any American ship from sailing to _______.
[foreign port]
34
True or False: The Nonintercourse Act allowed trade with Britain.
False
## Footnote
The Nonintercourse Act specifically excluded Britain and France from trade.
35
Who won the election of 1808?
James Madison
36
What idea did Madison bring up to resolve disputes with Britain?
Go to war with Britain
37
What were the main causes of the War of 1812?
Impressment, British support for Native American resistance, desire for Canadian territory.
38
What were the young congressmen from the South and West who called for war against Britain known as?
War Hawks
39
Who were the leaders of the War Hawks?
* John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
* Henry Clay of Kentucky
40
True or False: The War Hawks supported the Native Americans against the British.
True
41
Fill in the blank: The causes of the War of 1812 included violation of U.S. rights at sea and the British on the _______.
western frontier
42
Who was the Shawnee chief that opposed the signing away of tribal land to Harrison?
Tecumseh
## Footnote
Tecumseh sought to create a confederacy of Native American tribes.
43
What did General William Henry Harrison invite Native American Chiefs to do?
Sign away 3 million acres of tribal land to the U.S. government
## Footnote
Harrison was the Governor of Indiana at the time.
44
What was Tecumseh's main goal?
To create a confederacy of all Native American tribes
## Footnote
Tecumseh aimed to unite tribes against U.S. expansion.
45
Who assisted Tecumseh in his efforts to unite the tribes?
His brother, the Prophet
## Footnote
The Prophet played a significant role in advocating for resistance.
46
What significant event occurred in 1811 involving Tecumseh's brother?
Led a Shawnee attack on Harrison and his troops
## Footnote
This attack took place without Tecumseh's knowledge.
47
What was the outcome of Harrison's attack on the banks of the Tippecanoe River?
Harrison was victorious
## Footnote
This battle was significant in the context of U.S.-Native American relations.
48
True or False: Many Native American tribes had already accepted payment for their lands before Tecumseh's confederacy efforts.
True
## Footnote
This acceptance of payment weakened Tecumseh's confederacy initiative.
49
What was the state of the U.S. Army and Navy before the war of 1812
Ill-prepared but highly motivated
50
What significant event occurred in 1814 involving the British?
Raiding and burning down towns along the Atlantic coast, including Washington D.C.
51
What were the key locations affected by the British raids in 1814?
The capitol and the White House
52
What treaty was reached between the U.S. and Britain to end the war of 1812?
The Treaty of Ghent
53
What did the Treaty of Ghent declare?
An armistice/stalemate (no one won)
54
What was one significant outcome of the War of 1812 regarding U.S. foreign relations?
U.S. gained respect from other nations as they survived 2 wars with Great Britain
55
What happened to the Federalist party as a result of the War of 1812?
Federalist party officially came to a close
56
What land-related consequence did Native Americans face after the War of 1812?
Abandoned by the British, Native Americans gave up some land to the whites
57
What economic change occurred in the U.S. due to the British Naval blockade during the War of 1812?
More factories were being built
58
What sentiment grew stronger in the U.S. as a result of the War of 1812?
Nationalism grew stronger
59
What nickname describes Monroe's years marked by nationalism and optimism?
Era of Good Feelings (1816-1819)
## Footnote
The term reflects the general sense of national unity and optimism during Monroe's presidency.
60
During which years did the Era of Good Feelings occur?
(1816-1819)
## Footnote
This period was characterized by a temporary lull in partisan politics and economic growth.
61
What was the American System?
A plan proposed by President Madison and promoted by Henry Clay to unify the economy of the North and South
62
What was one key component of the American System?
Developing transportation systems
63
What types of transportation infrastructure were included in the American System?
* Creation of turnpikes and highways
* Erie Canal stretching 363 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes
64
Why did Northerners accept protective tariffs?
It helped their economy/didn’t make their economy worse
65
Why did Southerners resent protective tariffs?
It hindered their economy as they were forced to buy expensive goods from the North instead of buying from other places
66
What was another key component of the American System?
Re-establishing the national bank
67
What was the purpose of re-establishing the national bank in the American System?
To create a currency to be accepted nationwide
68
What did Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston own?
A steamboat company
69
What did the charter granted to Fulton and Livingston allow them to do?
Charge other steamboat operators for licenses to operate on rivers in New York
70
Who believed he was the only one allowed to operate his steamboat between NY and NJ?
Aaron Ogden
71
Who claimed entitlement to operate a steamboat alongside Aaron Ogden?
Thomas Gibbons
72
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden?
Interstate commerce could be regulated ONLY by the federal government
73
What power was ensured for the federal government by the ruling in Gibbons v. Ogden?
The power to regulate everything that crosses state lines
74
What was the main legal issue in McCulloch v. Maryland?
Whether Maryland could impose taxes on a federal bank.
75
Who was James McCulloch?
A cashier in a Baltimore bank.
76
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?
Maryland (a state) could not tax the federal bank.
77
How did McCulloch v. Maryland affect federal control?
It helped to strengthen the federal government's control over the economy.
78
Fill in the blank: James McCulloch refused to pay the _______ imposed by Maryland.
taxes
79
True or False: The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Maryland in McCulloch v. Maryland.
False
80
What year was the Missouri Compromise enacted?
1820
81
True or False: The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a free state.
False it became a slave state
82
Fill in the blank: The Missouri Compromise established a line at ______ degrees latitude, north of which slavery was prohibited.
36°30'
83
Which two states were directly affected by the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri and Maine
84
Multiple choice: What was one primary purpose of the Missouri Compromise? A) To expand slavery B) To maintain a balance between free and slave states C) To promote westward expansion D) To establish a national bank
B) To maintain a balance between free and slave states
85
What did the Rush-Bagot Treaty in 1817 accomplish?
Led the U.S. and Canada to demilitarize their common border via eliminating naval armament on the Great Lakes. This promoted u.s British relations
86
What was the result of the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819?
Spain ceded Florida and gave up the Oregon Territory.
87
Why did Spain cede Florida and the Oregon Territory in the Adams-Onis Treaty?
Spain was too weak to look after these territories.
88
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823?
To warn other countries not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere.
89
What did the Monroe Doctrine state regarding colonization?
Countries should not colonize or try to overthrow any powers in the Western Hemisphere.
90
True or False: The Monroe Doctrine stated that the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs.
True
91
Fill in the blank: The Rush-Bagot Treaty was signed in _______.
1817
92
Fill in the blank: The Adams-Onis Treaty was signed in _______.
1819
93
Fill in the blank: The Monroe Doctrine was established in _______.
1823
94
What was the primary focus of the North in the 1820s?
Industries and cities
## Footnote
The North developed a more industrialized economy compared to the agrarian South.
95
Why was slavery less prevalent in the North compared to the South?
Slavery wasn't needed as much in the North
## Footnote
The North's economy was less dependent on agriculture.
96
What limitations did the land and climate impose on the North in the 1820s?
Most crops did not grow as well as in the South
## Footnote
This led to a different economic structure focused on industrialization.
97
Fill in the blank: The North's economic structure in the 1820s was primarily based on _______.
Industries and cities
98
True or False: The North in the 1820s had a similar agricultural reliance on slavery as the South.
False
## Footnote
The North's economy was more industrialized and less reliant on slavery.
99
What was the primary focus of the South's economy in the 1820s?
Agriculture
100
Which invention by Eli Whitney significantly impacted cotton production in the South?
Cotton gin
101
How did the cotton gin affect the profitability of cotton production?
It allowed for faster cotton picking, creating more profit
102
What was the impact of the cotton gin on the demand for labor in the South?
Increased demand for more slaves
103
What nickname was given to the South due to its profitable cotton industry?
"King Cotton"
104
Who was elected as the 7th president of the United States in 1828?
Andrew Jackson
105
How was Andrew Jackson perceived in relation to the common people before he was elected?
He was thought of as a man of the people - the common man
106
What quality did Jackson inspire in his campaigning?
Loyalty and enthusiasm
107
What system did Jackson's administration practice that involved replacing officials?
The spoils system
108
What percentage of employees from the Adams administration did Jackson fire?
10%
109
What act did Congress pass in 1830 that forced Native Americans to move west?
Indian Removal Act
110
How did most tribes respond to the Indian Removal Act?
Most tribes went without a fight
111
Which tribe tried to resist the Indian Removal Act by going to court? And how long did they try for?
Cherokee, 8 years
112
What was the outcome of the Cherokee's legal efforts to keep their lands?
Unsuccessful
113
What tragic journey did the Cherokee undertake in 1838?
Trail of Tears
114
What were some of the consequences faced by the Cherokee during their journey on the Trail of Tears?
Dying off, loss of money and livestock, no major help with transportation
115
Fill in the blank: The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress in _______.
1830
116
True or False: The Cherokee were the only tribe affected by the Indian Removal Act.
False
117
What did John C. Calhoun call the 1828 tariff?
Tariff of Abominations
118
Why did Calhoun refer to the 1828 tariff as the Tariff of Abominations?
It forced the South to buy expensive goods from the North
119
What was Calhoun's belief regarding state laws?
If a state didn't approve a law, they could nullify it on their own
120
What right did Calhoun assert states had if the federal government did not allow nullification?
The right to withdraw from the Union
121
Fill in the blank: The 1828 tariff forced the South to buy _______ goods from the North.
expensive
122
True or False: Calhoun believed that states had the power to nullify federal laws.
True
123
What was the main economic impact of the 1828 tariff on the Southern states?
Increased costs for goods
124
What did Jackson ensure that the American people realized about the national bank?
It was a privileged institution for some but not for the whole nation.
125
What action did Jackson take after his re-election in 1832?
He created pet banks, which were state banks loyal to the Democratic Party.
126
What was a consequence of Jackson's financial policies?
Prices for land and goods were badly inflated.
127
What currency will all future purchases be made using after Jackson's policies?
Specie (gold or silver)
128
Fill in the blank: Jackson created _______ which were state banks loyal to the Democratic Party.
pet banks
129
What was President Andrew Jackson accused of after his veto of the Bank bill?
Abusing his Presidential powers
## Footnote
This accusation was made by his opponents following his unprecedented use of veto.
130
How did opponents of Andrew Jackson depict him in political cartoons?
As a tyrannical king trampling on the Constitution
## Footnote
This imagery was used to convey their view of his misuse of power.
131
What did Andrew Jackson's opponents who made the political cartoon “King Andrew I” compare his veto to?
A sword
## Footnote
This metaphor emphasized the perceived aggressive nature of his veto power.
132
What is the title associated with Andrew Jackson in the context of these accusations?
King Andrew I
## Footnote
This title reflects the criticism of his authoritarian style of governance.
133
Fill in the blank: After his unprecedented veto of the Bank bill, President Andrew Jackson's opponents accused him of _______.
abusing his Presidential powers
134
Who was elected president in 1836?
Martin Van Buren
135
What significant issue did Van Buren inherit from Jackson?
The bank war and money policies
136
What were Jackson's pet banks doing that contributed to financial instability?
Printing bank notes in excess
137
What happened when many people rushed to the banks?
Banks were left to close up because they didn't have the funds
138
What financial crisis resulted from the actions of the banks in 1837?
The panic of 1837
139
Fill in the blank: Martin Van Buren took over from __________ as president.
Jackson
140
True or False: The panic of 1837 was caused by a shortage of currency due to excessive bank note printing.
True
141
Who was elected in 1840?
William Henry Harrison
142
What significant event occurred a month after Harrison's inauguration?
He died of pneumonia
143
Who took over after Harrison's death?
John Tyler
144
What was John Tyler's relationship to Harrison's programs?
He opposed much of the programs of economic recovery that Harrison wanted
145
Fill in the blank: William Henry Harrison was elected in 1840, taking over for _______.
Martin Van Buren
146
True or False: John Tyler supported all of Harrison's economic recovery programs.
False
147
What year was the Louisiana purchase?
1803
148
LEARN MORE ABOUT MARBURY V MADISON
PLZ! PLZ! PLZ!
149
DEFINE FED AND ANTI FED PLZ
PLZ
150
What was Jefferson's intention regarding Federalist judges?
To block their appointments.
151
Who was William Marbury?
A midnight judge who never received his official papers.
152
Who was supposed to deliver Marbury's official papers?
James Madison, the Secretary of State.
153
What action did Marbury take regarding his commission?
He sued Madison.
154
What is judicial review?
The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
155
Was Marbury's request for his commission granted?
No, it was denied.
156
Which act was upheld in Marbury v. Madison?
The Judiciary Act of 1789.
157
Fill in the blank: Marbury v. Madison established _______.
[judicial review].
158
True or False: Jefferson supported the delivery of Marbury's commission.
False.
159
What EXACTLY happened in mardbury v madison?
William mardbury a federalist was appointed to be a (midnight) judge by John Adam’s but never received his papers from James Madison because Thomas Jefferson the current president told James Madison’s not to. Mardbury didn’t know Thomas Jefferson was the reason he didn’t get his papers, so he sued Madison since he was the once who was supposed to deliver them and there was no judicial review. Mardbury’s request was denied as the judiciary act of 1789 was upheld
160
What’s the difference between Federalist and Anti federalists?
161
What was the Market Revolution?
A period of rapid economic growth and transformation in the United States from 1800 to 1855 characterized by the expansion of markets, transportation, and manufacturing.
162
True or False: The introduction of the telegraph was a significant development during the Market Revolution.
True
163
Fill in the blank: The __________ was a major transportation innovation that connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes during the Market Revolution.
Erie Canal
164
What economic system began to dominate the United States during the Market Revolution?
Capitalism
165
Which demographic group experienced significant changes in labor roles during the Market Revolution?
Women, as they increasingly entered the workforce in factories.
166
When was the cotton gin invented?
1793
167
What was the panic of 1819?
National bank didn’t have money to give
168
What year was the American system enacted?
1824, but it was talked about prior to
169
What were the 3 parts of the American system?
1-transportation
2-re establish national bank
3-protective tariffs
170
How did the Missouri compromise affect people who liked slavery in the north?
They would move to the south
171
What are the five Great lakes?
Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie and Ontario
