Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) - PBN Overview (RNP and RNAV)

Question 1

The Performance-based Navigation (PBN) concept specifies that aircraft RNAV and RNP system performance requirements be defined in terms of:

Answer 1

Accuracy, integrity, continuity, and functionality.

Question 2

Under PBN, generic navigation requirements are defined based on:

Answer 2

Operational requirements.

Question 3

What advantage(s) does Performance-based Navigation provide?

Answer 3

It reduces the need to maintain sensor-specific routes and procedures.

Question 4

What is the main difference between RNAV and RNP?

Answer 4

RNP includes the requirement for onboard performance monitoring and alerting.

Question 5

Both RNP and RNAV specifications have certain functional requirements, including which of the following?

Answer 5

Navigation data storage function.

Question 6

Does the PBN concept include vertical performance?

Answer 6

No, although some navigation specifications include requirements for vertical guidance using GNSS or barometric vertical navigation.

Question 7

For oceanic, remote, en-route, and terminal operations, an RNP specification is designated as:

Answer 7

RNP/RNAV “X”; such as RNP 4.

Question 8

True or False? An aircraft approved for RNP 1 is automatically approved for RNP 4.

Answer 8

False. Aircraft approved for more stringent requirements may not meet functional requirements of less stringent specifications.

Question 9

In order to be eligible for RNP or RNAV operations, an aircraft must:

Answer 9

Have a statement of compliance in the AFM, POH, or operating manual for their avionics.

Question 10

RNAV is a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station referenced navigation aids, self-contained aids, or a combination. To use RNAV, the specified RNAV accuracy must be met for how much of the flight time?

Answer 10

95%

Question 11

When conducting an RNAV DP or STAR procedure, differences between the chart and navigation display are operationally acceptable as long as they do not exceed:

Answer 11

3 degrees.

Question 12

In the event that any loss of RNAV capability is experienced the pilot should:

Answer 12

Notify ATC including the proposed course of action.

Question 13

During a STAR, a “descend via” clearance provides pilots the option to:

Answer 13

Descend from a previously assigned altitude to the waypoint altitude at the pilot’s discretion.

Question 14

If ATC issues a heading assignment that takes the aircraft off a procedure, do the specified route-accuracy requirements still apply?

Answer 14

No. While off the published procedure, the accuracy requirements do not apply.

Question 15

Prior to commencing any kind of RNP procedure, flightcrews should:

Answer 15

All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Pilots are expected to maintain route centerlines during all RNP operations and limit cross track error/deviations to +/- half the RNP value required for the procedure or route, though brief deviations from this during and immediately after procedure/route turns is allowable, up to a maximum of:

Answer 16

1 times the navigation accuracy.

Question 17

During en route RNP operations (RNP 2, 4, and 10) on flexible route structures, is manual entry of waypoints permitted?

Answer 17

Yes. But only for flexible route structures and if entry errors are mitigated by flightcrew procedures.

Question 18

What is the primary navigation system to support RNP APCH procedures?

Answer 18

GPS.

Question 19

During operations on the initial and intermediate segments and for the missed approach of an RNP APCH procedure, the lateral Total System Error (TSE) and along-track (ATRK) error must be within:

Answer 19

±1 NM for at least 95 percent of the total flight time.

Question 20

RNAV (GPS) approaches with an LNAV/VNAV line of minima are required to contain a low and high temperature limitation. Under what condition may you operate to the LNAV/VNAV DA when the actual temperature is above or below the limitations?

Answer 20

The aircraft baro-VNAV system has temperature compensation capability.

Question 21

When conducting RNP operations with non-WAAS equipped aircraft, reliable navigation in case of GPS system failure must be assured and RAIM availability confirmed. RAIM predictions can be used for flight-planning up to how many hours in advance of the planned departure?

Answer 21

72

Question 22

A non-WAAS equipped flight must be delayed, canceled, re-routed, or re-planned using a type of navigation other than RNP, if there is a continuous predicted loss of RAIM for how long?

Answer 22

5 minutes.

Question 23

During RNP APCH procedures, pilots must confirm that the system has initiated a transition from terminal mode to the approach mode at what distance prior to the FAF?

Answer 23

2 NM.

Question 24

During RNP APCH procedures, scaling should change automatically. However, pilots of aircraft with a lateral deviation indicator must ensure its scaling is suitable for the various segments. These should be:

Answer 24

Initial and Intermediate segments: ±1.0 NM; FAS: ±0.3 NM; Missed Approach segment: ±1.0 NM.

Question 25

Pilots must verify that the current local altimeter at the airport of intended landing is set no later then when reaching the:

Answer 25

FAF.

Question 26

In order to be considered eligible for B-RNAV, aircraft equipment must meet a minimum track keeping accuracy equal to or better than:

Answer 26

±5 NM.

Question 27

In order to conduct B-RNAV operations, the aircraft must be equipped with one or more navigation systems. If only one system is used, which of the following conditions must be met in the event of a failure?

Answer 27

The system must be able to continue navigation using ground-based aids.

Question 28

During B-RNAV operations if RAIM detection function is lost or experiences a loss of integrity, may you continue to use the GPS or WAAS equipment for navigation?

Answer 28

Yes. If cross-checking other on-board navigation systems reveals there is still an acceptable level of IFR navigation performance.

Question 29

Which of the following is a minimum required system function for conducting B-RNAV/RNAV 5 operations?

Answer 29

All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

Which of the following procedures should be followed when on B-RNAV/RNAV 5 routes:

Answer 30

Select other NAVAIDs to allow immediate cross-checking or reversion in the event of a loss of RNAV capability.

Question 31

P-RNAV is defined as RNAV that meets a track keeping accuracy that is equal to or better than:

Answer 31

±1 NM for 95% of the flight time.

Question 32

The minimum level of availability and integrity required for P-RNAV systems may be met by a single installed system that is comprised of:

Answer 32

The minimum level of availability and integrity required for P-RNAV systems may be met by a single installed system that is comprised of:

Question 33

True or False? During terminal P-RNAV procedures, a means of vertical navigation is not required.

Answer 33

True. There is no mandate for VNAV, so pilots should ensure a traditional means of VNAV is available.

Question 34

When loading a P-RNAV procedure, which of the following waypoints may be used?

Answer 34

Only existing waypoints.

Question 35

In order to provide ATC with the necessary information on what type of RNAV capability the aircraft has, the appropriate code must be written in the Flight Plan for items 10 or 18. For aircraft that are equipped with B-RNAV/RNAV 5, what would they enter for Item 10a?

Answer 35

R.

Question 36

Each published line of minima for an RNP AR IAP has an associated RNP value. All RNP AR approaches will have an RNP value of:

Answer 36

0.3 or less.

Question 37

During operator approval, operators will normally have authorization to conduct RNP AR approaches using minima associated with RNP 0.3 for a period of 90 days until 100 AR approaches in each aircraft is accumulated. When an approach procedure has no line of minima associated with RNP 0.3 you must:

Answer 37

Fly the procedure in visual meteorological conditions.

Question 38

True or False? At certain locations, the airspace or obstacle environment may require an RNP capability of less than 1.0 during a missed approach.

Answer 38

True. Typically these approaches also require redundant equipment.

Question 39

In order to conduct RNP AR approaches, what of the following equipment must be operational?

Answer 39

Class A Terrain Awareness and Warning System.

Question 40

May you use DME/DME updating as a reversionary mode during the RNP AR approach or missed approach?

Answer 40

Yes. Under all of these conditions.

Question 41

During normal RNP AR operations, pilots should limit cross-track error to _________ the associated navigation accuracy.

Answer 41

± one half.

Question 42

During normal RNP AR operations, the vertical deviation during the Final Approach Segment (FAS) must be within:

Answer 42

75 feet.

Question 43

If during an RNP AR approach the lateral deviation exceeds 1xRNP or the vertical deviation exceeds 75 feet, the pilot should:

Answer 43

Execute a missed approach, unless visual references are acquired.

Question 44

If during an RF leg, you begin a missed approach prior to the decision altitude, what speed limitation must you maintain?

Answer 44

Maintain the segment speed to the DA and then any further limitations for the MAS.

Question 45

True or False? RNP AR missed approaches will use the same RNP as the RNP AR approach.

Answer 45

False. There are two types of RNP AR missed approaches, RNP 1.0 and RNP less than 1.0. RNP less than 1.0 will be noted on the approach chart.