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Exercise Metabolism > Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis W8 > Flashcards

Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis W8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

Hardening of arteries

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2
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Lipid plaques causes arteries to become narrowed and hardened

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3
Q

What does atherosclerosis effect?

A

Coronary Arteries

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4
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

Where blood flow through the coronary artery is cut off

Cardiac myocytes are derived of oxygen= causes the cell to die

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5
Q

How does LDL pass through endothelial cells?

A

Transcytosis

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6
Q

How does LDL enter body cells?

A

Via receptor mediated endocytosis

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7
Q

When does progression atherosclerosis begin?

A

When the endothelial cells of the arterial wall become damaged

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8
Q

What causes endothelial cells of the arterial wall to become damaged?

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Hyperglycaemia (High blood glucose)
Hypercholesterolemia

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9
Q

What is Hypercholesterolemia?

A

Increased numbers of LDLs in blood which enter the tunica intima

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10
Q

What is the tunica intima?

A

The innermost layer of an artery or vein

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11
Q

What does cell damage to endothelial cells cause?

A

Increased permeability of the arterial walls

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12
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

The movement of white blood cells through endothelial cells after undergoing morphological changes

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13
Q

What do endothelial cells express when they are damaged?

A

Adhesion molecules

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14
Q

Do monocytes attach to endothelial cells?

A

No

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15
Q

How does oxidation occur when free radicals are produced from white blood cells?

A

LDL make contact with these free radicals

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16
Q

What stimulates white blood cells to produce even more oxygen free radicals?

A

When LDL particles are engulfed

17
Q

How is a positive feedback system caused?

A

Area of damaged endothelial cells accumulate modified LDL particles and migrating white blood cells

18
Q

What are macrophages?

A

The tunica intima engulf modified LDL particles

19
Q

What is a foam cell?

A

Saturated with LDL particles

Excessive amount of lipid in the cell gives the cytoplasm a foamy appearance

They die and release contents to be engulfed by white blood cells

20
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

Where a clot forms and attaches to the wall

21
Q

What is embolus?

A

Clots breaks loose from arterial wall downstream to smaller vessels

Exercise Metabolism (36 decks)

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