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Exercise Metabolism > Fat Metabolism During Exercise W3 > Flashcards

Fat Metabolism During Exercise W3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do fatty acids come from?

A

Blood stream
Triglycerides stored in muscle

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2
Q

Where are fatty acids in the blood stream derived from?

A

Adipose Triglyceride stores

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3
Q

What is the conversion of fatty Acyl-CoA?

A

Beta-oxidation

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4
Q

What happens when there is increased fatty oxidation in the plasma?

A

Decrease in the breakdown of muscle triglycerides

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5
Q

What happens when a drug is taken which blocks mobilisation of fatty acids from adipose tissue?

A

Increased reliance on intra-muscular triglyceride stores

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6
Q

What does blocking of fatty acid mobilisation from adipose tissue?

A

Increase glycogen utilisation due to reduced plasma fatty acid availability

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7
Q

What are enzymes which breakdown triglycerides?

A

Lipases

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8
Q

What are the 2 key lipases in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle?

A

ATGL
HSL

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9
Q

What is ATGL?

A

Found in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Primarily involve in breaking down triglycerides

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10
Q

What is HSL?

A

Regulated by key hormones
Attacks the diglycerides

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11
Q

How does FFA uptake occur?

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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12
Q

What are the different protein transporters for FA?

A

FABP
CD36
FATP

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13
Q

What are the determinants of skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake during exercise?

A

Fatty acids
Muscle ability to oxidise
FA transporters
Carnitine, CPT activity
Beta-oxidative capacity

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14
Q

What are FABP and CD36?

A

Fatty acid binding proteins

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15
Q

What is FATP?

A

Fatty acid transport protein

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16
Q

What are proteins involved in during fatty acid uptake?

A

Transporting the fatty acids across the sarcolemma, cytosol and mitochondrial membrane

17
Q

How does CD36 specifically transport fatty acids?

A

Carnitine
CPT enzyme

18
Q

What CD36 facilitate?

A

The mitochondrial entry of fatty acids to be oxidised

19
Q

What does beta-oxidation involve?

A

Converting fatty acyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA

20
Q

What assists beta-oxidation?

A

HAD

21
Q

What does the amount of HAD determine?

A

Amount of fatty acid you can oxidise

22
Q

Where is HAD found?

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

What is the main role of carnitine?

A

To transport fatty acids into the mitochondria

24
Q

When is carnitine used?

A

When there is a large increase in rate of CHO utilisation and acetyl-CoA production

25
Q

What is the crossroad of CHO and Fat metabolism?

A

Carnitine

26
Q

What does carnitine increase when it becomes a buffer?

A

Acetyl Carnitine

27
Q

What does Acetyl Carnitine increase?

A

Acetyl-CoA

28
Q

What increases HAD?

A

Mitochondrial number in muscle

29
Q

What exercise intensity increases fat oxidation?

A

Moderate

30
Q

What exercise intensity decreases fat oxidation?

A

High

31
Q

What does the lowest exercise intensity heavily rely on?

A

Plasma FA
Minor contribution from muscle triglyceride

32
Q

Why does fat oxidation reduce with increased exercise intensity?

A

Reduced plasma FA availability
Reduced Carnitine availability

Increased rate of glycogen breakdown
Increased adrenaline
Increased sympathetic nerve activation

33
Q

What does increases in an individual glycolytic flux inhibit?

A

CPT activity
Mitochondrial uptake

34
Q

What happens post-exercise involving CHO?

A

CHO metabolism reduces
Fat metabolism increases

35
Q

How is a increased in reliance of intramuscular triglycerides shown during exercise?

A

When the increase in fatty acid uptake is lower than increase in fat oxidation

36
Q

How does training effect muscle FA uptake during exercise?

A

Increases transport proteins in muscle
Increases mitochondrial oxidative capacity
Increases HAD

37
Q

Where does exercise training increase oxidation?

A

Blood plasma free fatty acids
Intramuscular triglycerides

38
Q

What does increases in HAD and mitochondrial oxidative capacity drive?

A

Fatty acid uptake in contracting muscle

39
Q

What contributes to why regular exercises reduce body mass?

A

The increased stability of fat to be oxidised

Exercise Metabolism (36 decks)

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