Metabolic and Muscle Adaptations to Chronic Exercise Training W5 Flashcards
What is acute exercise?
Performance of a single bout of exercise once
What is chronic exercise?
Repeated performance of single bout of exercise
What are the different training principles?
Overload
Specificity
Reversibility
Individual responses
What changes to training can you make to achieve overload?
Intensity
Duration
Frequency
Mode/Types
What is endurance exercise?
Aerobic
Enhances the ability for pro-long period of performance at low/medium exercise intensities
What is strength exercise
Anaerobic
Resistance/Sprint/Interval exercise training
What is controlling relative exercise intensity?
Fixing the VO2 max
What is controlling absolute exercise intensity?
Not fixing VO2 max but instead fix the workload
What is the hallmark of endurance training?
To increase VO2 max
What is the most important metabolic adaptation in response to endurance training?
To increase the rate of lipid to carbohydrate during prolonged exercise
How does endurance training modify the proportion of energy sources used during exercise?
Muscle mitochondrial content increases
Fatty acid uptake increases
Rate of glycogen breakdown decreases
Glucose uptake decreases
What does an increase in mitochondrial content cause?
Enhances the capacity of muscle to synthesize ATP from aerobic breakdown of fat and carbohydrate
What does an increase in fatty acid uptake cause?
Increases capillary density and lipoprotein lipase in muscle
Facilitates delivery and hydrolyses of lipoprotein-bound TG to be used in exercise muscle
What does an decrease in glycogen breakdown rate cause?
Reduces the production of AMP and Pi
How does endurance training increase VO2 max?
Increased erythrocytes
Increased stroke volume
What does increased erythrocytes cause?
Haemoglobin
What does increased stroke volume cause?
Increases maximal cardiac output
What mechanisms increases muscle glycogen during endurance training?
Increased insulin action
GLUT4
Hexokinase
Glycogen Synthase
What is Ra?
Plasma Glucose Appearence
What is Rd?
Plasma Glucose Disappearence
What is Rox?
Glucose Oxidation
What does endurance training increase?
Mitochondrial proteins
Muscle Mitochondrial content
Aerobic ATP resynthesis
