Aerobic Exercise W3

Question 1

What is required in the mitochondria during the ETC to produce ATP?

Answer 1

Free ADP, Pi and oxygen
NADH and FADH2

Question 2

What activates the respiratory chain to produce ATP?

Answer 2

When there is O2, ADP and Pi in the mitochondria
Increase in ADP concentration

Question 3

Where is acetyl-CoA accepted?

Answer 3

TCA cycle

Question 4

What does increasing mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations do?

Answer 4

Activate the following enzymes in the TCA cycle:
- Isocitrate
- Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Also activates glycogen Phosphorylase and PDH but glycolytic flux is far lower

Question 5

What does citrate synthase do?

Answer 5

Controls TCA cycle flux

Question 6

Where is NADH produced?

Answer 6

Glycolytic pathway (cytoplasm to mitochondria
PDH reaction (mitochondria)

Question 7

What enzymes are activated in intramuscular triaglycerol degradation via Ca2+ and epinephrine?

Answer 7

ATL
HSL

Question 8

What does GLUT4 facilitate?

Answer 8

The influx of glucose into cell= increases cell delivery

Question 9

What happens when fat enters beta-oxidation?

Answer 9

Enters beta-oxidation

Question 10

What is Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase (CPT)?

Answer 10

Assisted by FAT CD36
Transport fatty acids transported into cytoplasm
Released from IMTG to mitochondrial membrane

Question 11

What does fat produce when it enters the beta-oxidation pathway?

Answer 11

Acetyl-CoA
NADH
FADH2

Question 12

Why is fat metabolism downregulated at high exercise intensities?

Answer 12

Decreased fatty acid release from Adipose Tissue
Decreased activation of HSL and ATGL
Less IMTG breakdown
Inhibition of CPT1 activity

Question 13

What causes inhibition of CPT1 activity?

Answer 13

Small decrease in muscle pH
Decreased sensitivity to carnitine
Low levels of cytoplasmic carnitine