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Exercise Metabolism > Metabolism for Ergogenic Benefit W3 > Flashcards

Metabolism for Ergogenic Benefit W3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does HIIT increase?

A

The capacity for anaerobic energy production

Enhanced tolerance of metabolic acidosis

Improved ionic regulation (K+ balance)

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2
Q

What does endurance exercise increase?

A

Increased VO2 max
Enhanced skeletal muscle mitochondrial density

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3
Q

What does resistance training increase?

A

Increased strength
Increased neuromuscular function
Increased muscle mass

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4
Q

Why is there enhanced tolerance of metabolic acidosis due to HIT?

A

Increased muscle buffer capacity

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5
Q

What does increased VO2 max allow?

A

Greater fatigue resistance

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6
Q

What does enhanced skeletal muscle mitochondrial density allow?

A

Decreased CHO utilisation
Decreased oxidation
Decreased lactate production
Increased fat oxidation
Increased muscle CHO oxidation

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7
Q

What does creatine supplementation do?

A

Enhances ATP resynthesis
Increase muscle mass and strength

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8
Q

Why does creatine supplementation enhance ATP resynthesis?

A

There is an increase in PCr availability

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9
Q

What does short-term ingestion of creatine monohydrate do?

A

Increase total skeletal muscle creatine content by 20-25% and PCr levels by 10-15%

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10
Q

What does carbohydrate loading do prior to exercise?

A

Increases endurance capacity and performance
Increases muscle glycogen

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11
Q

Why does blood glucose levels decline during prolonged strenuous?

A

Liver glycogen becomes depleted

Increased liver gluconeogenesis is unable to generate glucose at a rate sufficient to match skeletal muscle glucose uptake

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12
Q

How does CHO supplementation maintain blood glucose levels?

A

Delays fatigue
Improves muscle energy balance when muscle glycogen levels are decreased
Maintains CHO oxidation

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13
Q

What does glucose ingestion do?

A

Increased muscle glucose uptake
Decrease liver glucose output

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14
Q

Why may central neural fatigue develop during prolonged exercise?

A

Hypoglycaemia
Decreased cerebral glucose uptake

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15
Q

When is NH3 (Ammonia) produced?

A

Produced via within contracting skeletal muscle by the breakdown of ATP and amino acids

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16
Q

What can ammonia affect?

A

Neurotransmitter levels
Central neural fatigue

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17
Q

What does CHO ingestion attenuate?

A

Muscle and plasma NH3 accumulation during exercise

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18
Q

What does increased plasma fatty acid availability decrease?

A

Muscle glycogen utilization
CHO oxidation

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19
Q

What does a high-fat diet do?

A

Decrease reliance on CHO

20
Q

What does a high-fat diet induced with ketosis mark?

A

Decrease in muscle glycogen

21
Q

Why is the HIT exercise impaired on the high-fat diet?

A

There is an inability to fully activate glycogenolysis and PDH during exercise

22
Q

What is nutritional ketosis?

A

Metabolic state in which the body burns fat and ketones, rather than glucose as its primary fuel

23
Q

What does Ketosis alter?

A

Fuel preference

24
Q

What does caffeine do?

A

Increases endurance performance

Decreases muscle glycogen usage

Enhances lipolysis and fat oxidation during exercise

25
Q

What are catecholamines?

A

Increases lipolysis and fatty acid concentrations during rest periods

26
Q

What does caffeine increase?

A

Catecholamines

27
Q

How are ergogenic effects mediated?

A

Binding of adenosine receptors in central and peripheral nervous systems

28
Q

What physical positives does caffeine provide?

A

Increased self-sustained firing

Increased voluntary activation

Increased in maximal force in central nervous system

Decreases sensations associated with force, pain and perceived exertion or effort during exercise peripheral system

29
Q

What may high caffeine cause?

A

Anxiety
Jitters
Insomnia
Inability to focus
Gastrointestinal unrest
Irritability

30
Q

What role does carnitine have?

A

Moves fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane
Regulates number of acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria

31
Q

What are free carnitine levels like in high-intensity?

A

Low

32
Q

Where is nitrate produced from?

A

L-arginine via action nitric oxide synthase

33
Q

Where can nitrate be ingested from?

A

Beetroot juice

34
Q

How can nitrate be formed?

A

Nonenzymatic reduction of nitrate and nitrite

35
Q

What is a major determinant of muscle buffering capacity?

A

Carnosine content

36
Q

What happens when ATP, PCr and glycogen are broken down?

A

Increases:
ADP
Mg2+
ADP
Pi
Lactate
H+

(All increase chance of fatigue)

37
Q

What does increased H+ concentration interfere with?

A

Muscle force
Power production

38
Q

What does ingestion of beta-alanine increase?

A

Muscle carnosine content
Enhances HIT performance

39
Q

Who has higher carnosine content?

A

Anaerobic athletes

40
Q

What is muscle buffering capacity?

A

The ability of muscles to neutralise the acid that accumulates in them during them high intensity exercise

41
Q

What is ROS important roles as signalling molecules mediating the acute and chronic responses to exercise?

A

Superoxide anions
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydroxyl radicals

42
Q

What does ROS negatively affect when it is accumulated at higher levels?

A

Muscle force
Power production
Induce fatigue

43
Q

What does the ingestion of N-acetylcysteine enhance?

A

Muscle oxidant capacity
Attenuates muscle fatigue

44
Q

What is the % of mechanical efficiency?

A

20%

45
Q

How does hyperthermia impairs exercise performance?

A

Effects:
Central neural drive
Cardiovascular function
Muscle metabolism/ function
Fluid loss/ dehydration
Decrease skeletal muscle blood flow

46
Q

How is muscle glycogenolysis accelerated?

A

Increased plasma catecholamines
Elevated muscle temperature

47
Q

How is fatigue prevented?

A

Acclimation
Pre-exercise cooling
Fluid ingestion

Exercise Metabolism (36 decks)

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