Diabetes and Measuring Insulin Resistance W10

Question 1

What does insulin act on to alter plasma glucose levels?

Answer 1

Hepatocytes
Myocytes
Adipocytes

Question 2

Following a meal, why does plasma glucose rise?

Answer 2

Acts as a signal to pancreas to release insulin

Question 3

What is diabetes?

Answer 3

Disorder of CHO metabolism characterised by hyperglycaemia and glycosuria

Question 4

What is hyperglycaemia?

Answer 4

High blood sugar levels

Question 5

What is glycosuria?

Answer 5

Presence of sugar in the urine

Question 6

What does hyperglycaemia cause?

Answer 6

Organ damage due to glycation of tissues

Question 7

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 7

Insulin-dependent

Question 8

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 8

Non-insulin dependent

Question 9

What causes type I diabetes?

Answer 9

Pancreatic beta cells are destroyed

Question 10

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

Delayed or impaired secretion
Impaired insulin action (insulin resistant)
Excessive glucose output from liver

Question 11

How does obesity influence type 2 diabetes?

Answer 11

Beta cells less responsive to increase glucose

Increase insulin in target cells (adipocytokines)

Increase fat availability= decrease in glucose oxidation (Glucose-fatty acid cycle)

Question 12

What are the clinical research tools used to measure insulin sensitivity/resistance?

Answer 12

Hyperinsulinaemic Euglycaemic Clamp
Insulin Tolerance Test
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Homeostatic Model Assessment
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index

Question 13

What are the clinical diagnostic tools used to measure insulin sensitivity/resistance?

Answer 13

Oral Glucose Tolerance test