Paeds infectious diseases Flashcards
How is fever assessed?
Colour
Responsiveness
Respiratory rate
Hydration (Capillary refill)
Additional worrying features
How many vaccines are offered to children?
17 + 2 targeted programmed
Which organisms cause meningitis?
Bacteria:
<1 month Group strep B, Ecoli, listeria
>1 month strep pneum, neisseria, Hib, TB
Viruses:
Enterovirus, HSV
Crytococcus and histoplasma in immunodeficiency
What are the presentations of meningitis?
Older: fever, headache, neck stiffness, fits, photophobia, rash with meningococcal septicaemia
Younger: fever, irritability, back arching, high pitched scream, fits, bulging fontanelle
What are the differentials for a child with a limp?
Septic arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Irritable hip
Perthes
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Malignancy
What is Perthes disease?
An uncommon condition that affects children between the ages of three and 11 years
Blood supply to the head of the thigh bone is disrupted which causes the bone to deteriorate
This can cause pain, limping and limited movement of the hip joint
What is TORCH in paeds?
A group of diseases that cause congenital conditions if a foetus is exposed to them in the uterus
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simples
HIV
Other (such as syphilis, varicella, mumps, and parvovirus)
What are some complications of VZV?
Acute cerebellar ataxia
Cellulitis
Encephalitis
Osteomyelitis
Pneumonia
What is Lyme disease?
A bacterial infection spread through ticks
Symptoms: fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash called erythema migrans
If left untreated, infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system
Diagnosed based on symptoms, physical findings (e.g., rash), and the possibility of exposure to infected ticks
What is Henoch-Schönlein purpura?
An autoimmune inflammation of blood vessels
Causes purpura, arthritis, haematuria
What are some causes of rheumatological/vasculitis illnesses with fever and rash?
- Kawasakis
- HSP (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
- JIA (Jeuvenile idiopathic arthritis)
- SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosis)
- Rheumatic fever- Jones criteria