Childhood malignancy Flashcards
What are the most common childhood malignancies?
Leukaemia (31%)
CNS Tumours (26%)
Lymphomas (10%)
Soft tissue tumours (7%)
Neuroblastoma (6%)
Renal tumours (5%)
Bone (4%)
Retinoblastoma (3%)
Germ cell tumour (3%)
Hepatic (1%)
What are some genetic causes of childhood malignancy?
- Downs syndrome
- NeuroFibromatosis1
- Retinoblastoma: eye cancer
- Ataxia telangiectasia: progressive ataxia due to defect in cerebellum
- Fanconis anaemia: inhereted bone marrow failure
- Beckwith-Weideman: inherited growth disorder
At what age is lymphoblastic leukaemia most common?
Age 4
What is a Wilm’s tumour?
A kidney cancer
Typically metastasises in lungs
Associated with Beckwith-Weideman
What is a neuroblastoma?
A type of cancer that starts in early nerve cells called neuroblasts
What are the clinical features of neuroblastoma?
Skin metastases
Systemic features
Pain
Horners syndrome
Paraspinal tumours
Spinal cord compression
What is Ewing’s sarcoma?
A rare type of cancer that occurs in bones or in the soft tissue around the bones
What is Knudson’s two hit hypothesis?
The requirement of 2 alleles to cause cancer
The first is genetic suseptibility, the second is aquired
Eg. retinoblastoma
What is Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma?
A cancer involving the area around the eye
