O1 teaching (consultant)

Question 1

What are some causes of small babies?

Answer 1

1. normal, constitutionally small due to genetics and ethnicity
2. Non-placenta mediated growth restriction
   - Structural or chromosomal problem, fetal infection, inborn errors of metabolism
3. Placenta-mediated growth restriction
   - PET, hypertension, autoimmune disease, renal disease, diabetes, thrombophilia’s
   - Causes unsymmetrical IUGR

Question 2

What is a fetal doppler done for?

Answer 2

Assesses fetal circulation and resistance in vessels

Look at umbilical artery doppler, middle cerebral artery doppler, and ductus venous doppler

Question 3

What is meant by meconium stained liquor?

Answer 3

Vagal stimulation causing gut contraction & anal sphincter relaxation which may be associated with hypoxia
- Causes yellow/green fluid

Can cause meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS): defined as respiratory distress in newborn infants born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid

If CTG is abnormal, consider expediting delivery

Question 4

What is the difference between dizygotic and monozygotic pregnancy?

Answer 4

Dizygotic – ovulation and fertilization of two oocytes

Monozygotic - ovulation and fertilization of a single oocyte, with subsequent division of the zygot

Question 5

What is a chignon in obstetrics?

Answer 5

A temporary swelling left on an infant’s head after delivery by a ventouse suction cap