GP Presentations Flashcards
What are the different types of laxatives?
- Bulking agents (increase foecal weight)
Eg. Fybogel (ispaghula husk), methylcellulose - Osmotic agents (draw water into the bowel to soften poo)
Eg. Lactulose, macrogol, polyethylene glycol - Stimulant laxatives
Eg. Bisacodyl, senna, sodium picosulphate - Softener laxatives
Eg. Arachis oil, docusate
How is heartburn (dyspepsia) treated?
1st line: lifestyle changes
Offer high dose PPI for 8 weeks or a maintenance dose
How is diarrhoea treated?
1st line: oral rehydration solution and diet changes Eg. pectin in bananas, potassium in fruit juice, sports drinks, potatoes without skin
Loperimide
Bismuth subsalicylate link
What is the treatment for insomnia?
- Life style changes
- Sleep-inducing medication Eg. Melatonin, zolpidem, Temazepam, Lorazepam
- CBT
How are panic attacks treated?
CBT
Antidepressants Eg SSRI
What is Molluscum contagiosum?
An infection that causes acne spread through contact
What is diverticular disease?
Small bulging pockets develop in the intestine wall that can become inflamed or infected
Symptoms:
-Pain, constant or persist for several days
-The lower left side of the abdomen is the usual site of the pain
-Nausea and vomiting.
-Fever
-Abdominal tenderness.
-Constipation or, less commonly, diarrhea
What are some causes of diverticular disease?
- Smoking.
- Being overweight or obese
- Having a history of constipation
- Use of NSAIDs
- FH
What are haemorrhoids?
AKA Piles
Piles inside and around the anus
Causes: straining or chronic diarrhoea
What are the causes of insomnia?
- Stress and anxiety
- Bad sleep hygiene or environmental factors
- Lifestyle factors: jet lag, shift work, or drinking alcohol or caffeine before going to bed
- Mental health conditions
What is giant cell arteritis?
Autoimmune linked to infections and genes
Symptoms: headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, and vision problem
Treatment: High dose steroids Eg. Prednisolone
How is alcohol addiction treated?
Detoxication
Medications:
- Acamprosate: stabilises chemical in the brain that were damaged by alcohol
- Disulfiram: blocks the processing of alcohol, causing you to have a bad reaction when you drink it
- Naltrexone: reduces the cravings by blocking opioid receptors
What is polymyalgia rheumatica?
Causes pain, stiffness and inflammation in the muscles around the shoulders, neck and hips
Normal life expectancy, symptoms usually self-limiting
Causes a higher risk of developing giant cell arteritis
Treatment: steroids (Prednisolone)
What causes migraines?
- A drop in oestrogen
- Alcohol
- Stress
- Cold weather
- Sleep deprivation
- Lights or smells
How is erectile dysfunction (impotence) treated?
Medications used to increase blood-flow to the penis (PDE-5 inhibitors)
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Vardenafil (Levitra)
Avanafil (Spedra)
Or vacuum pump to allow an erection
