Otitis media and externa Flashcards

1
Q

What things can precipitate otitis externa?

A

Swimming (wet ears)
Eczema/ dry ears

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2
Q

What is necrotising otitis externa?

A

Infection that has spread from the skin to the bone. Causes severe pain that will be waking them up

Frequent in diabetics and immunocompromised

It can spread into the brain and cause death

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2
Q

What is a Cholesteatoma?

A

An abnormal collection of dead skin cells deep inside the ear

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3
Q

What are the different types of otitis media?

A

Mucosal disease:
- Acute disease
- Otitis media with effusion (glue ear)
- Chronic suppurative otitis media

Squamous disease:
- Tympanic membrane retraction
- Cholesteatoma

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4
Q

When is otitis media most common?

A

Children: most common bacterial infection (2/3 by 5yrs)

More common in deprived areas

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5
Q

Which bacteria are most commonly causing ear disease?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus)
  • Non-typeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi)
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
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6
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of otitis media?

A

Ear pain
Fever
Red tympanic membrane

Often non specific

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7
Q

How is otitis media treated?

A

Analgesia most important

  • Antibiotics not often used because the infection may resolve by itself
  • No effect of antibiotics for 24 hours
  • Given only to severe disease
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8
Q

What are some complications of otitis media?

A
  • Mastoiditis (pinna is pushed forward and area is red) Treated with IV antibiotics
  • Intracranial infection (presents with headache and fever)
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9
Q

What is the definition of chronic otitis media with effusion?

A

Infection for > 3months

Treated if there is associated hearing disability

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10
Q

What is chronic suppurative otitis media?

A

AKA chronic otitis media

  • Causes perforation of the tympanic membrane
  • Intermittent or persistent ear discharge
  • Often painless because there is no stretching of tympanic membrane as it’s gone
  • Hearing loss from perforation and from associated ossicular erosion
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11
Q

How is chronic otitis media treated?

A

Ciprofloxacin (antibiotic)

And tissue spears to absorb the pus so that antibiotics go straight to the area needed

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12
Q

What is Myringoplasty?

A

Surgery to close the hole in the eardrum

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13
Q

How is tympanic retraction treated?

A

Treatment for recurrent infection or associated hearing loss

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14
Q

What are some complications of a cholesteatoma?

A

Hearing loss
Facial weakness
Meningitis
Temporal lobe abscess

Causes erosion in the ear canal, polyps and degeneration of the membranes

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15
Q

What is the treatment for a cholesteatoma?

A

Surgery to the mastoid to remove the disease from the bone and repair the eardrum