P/S TPR Chp 4- Interacting With the Environment Flashcards
broadbent filter model of selective attention
inputs from the environment first enter a sensory buffer. one of these inputs is then SELECTED and filtered based on physicla characteristics of the input (sensory modality), allowing you to transform attended stimuli and discard the unattended.
problemt with the braodbent filter model of selective attention
states that you have to be attending to a certain stimuli– but you can turn your attention to something you weren’t even paying attention to if you are primed– COCKTAIL part effect– an unattended channel can gain your attention if something of personal imporance comes up to you.
3 components of working memory
1) phonological loop– allows us to repeat verbal info to help us remember it
2) episodic buffer– integrate info from the PL and VS with a sense of time
3) visuospatial sketchpad– allows us to repeat and recal visual info-
stage in piaget’s theory of cognitive development in which babies do not have object permanence
sensorimotor stage
stage in piagets theory of development in whch the principle of conservation is developed
concrete operational stage
T/F a healthy elderly person will still have troubles recognizing someone
false. while certain types of memory declines occur, recognition abilities remain intact.
what is a mental set
the tendency to fixate on solutions that worked in the past though they may not apply to the current situation
functional fixedness
a tendency to perceive the functions of objects as fixed and unchanging
alertness and arousal are controlled by structures within the brainstem known as ___ ___, which use what type of neurotransmitter?
RETICULAR FORMATION (reticular activating system), uses serotonin typically.
waves emitted when a person is awake, but sleepy and relaxed
alpha waves
waves emitted when a person is in REM
beta waves ( awake waves)
deep sleep waves
delta waves
stage 1 sleepw aves
theta waves
which stage of sleep as K compexes and sleep spindles
stage 2. there are bursts of short and long waves of sleep a a person transitions to light sleep to deep sleep
narcolepsy is a dysfunction in the region of the hypothalamus that produces ____.
hypocretin
dyssomnia vs parasomnia
dyssomnia- abnormalities in the amount, quality or timing of sleep
parasomnia- abnormal BEHAVIORS that occur when someone is asleep (ex/ sleep walking)
somnabulism
sleepwalking
James lange theory of emotion
stimulus –> physiological response –> emotion
cannon bard theory of emotion
stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological and emotional response
schaater-singer theory of emotion
stimulus –> physiological response –> cognitive interpretation –> emotion
the HPA axis
CRH from hypothalamus —> ACTH from anterior pituitary –> cortisol from adrenal gland
how does cortisol change metabolic processes
shifts the body from using glucose as an energy source towards using fat as an energy source. This glucose-sparing effect keeps blood sugar levels high during stress situations.
broca’s aphasia is associated with speech ____, whereas wenickes aphasia involves problems with speech ____
broca’s aphasia is associated with speech PRODUCTION whereas wenickes aphasia involves problems with speech COMPREHENSION
What does DA release in the tuberoinfundibular pathway initiate?
Dopamine release in the tuberoinfundibular pathway inhibits prolactin release in the pituitary.
DA release in the nigrostriatal pathway is associated with:
The nigrostriatal pathway is associated with motor planning and purposeful movement.
DA realease into the mesocortical pathway is associated with:
The mesocortical pathway is associated with cognition, affect, and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
DA release into the mesolimbic pathway is associated with:
The mesolimbic pathway is associated with reward, motivation, and many of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
cataplexy
a medical condition in which strong emotion or laughter causes a person to suffer sudden physical collapse though remaining conscious.
what is chronotype
propensity for the individual to sleep at a particular time during a 24-hour period.
Hawthorne effect
Changing your behavior because you know you’re being watchhed
Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language.
Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language.
For instance, in telephone there are two morphemes: tele and phone. In the same word there are seven phonemes: t, e, l, e, f, o, and n.
Lexical access
Lexical access refers to identifying a word and connecting it to its meaning, which has been stored in long-term memory.
Transformational grammar
Transformational grammar refers to the different ways that words can be arranged to convey the same information.
linguistic relativity theory
Linguistic relativity theory states that there are significant linguistic differences between cultures. Ex/ some cultures only have one word for blue and all its shade, but in russian, they have different words for each type of shade.
anomic aphasia
Anomic aphasia is characterized by problems difficulties in naming objects or in retrieving words.
_____ theory believes linguistic structure determines how and about what an individual is able to think.
Whorfian theory believes linguistic structure determines how and about what an individual is able to think.
Lazarus and Folkman’s Cognitive appraisal model
two-way process; it involves the production of stressors by the environment, and the response of an individual subjected to these stressors. His conception regarding stress led to the theory of cognitive appraisal.
- cognitive appraisal comes in two steps: 1) this is a stressor
2ndary appraisal) how do I solve this stressor/situation?
