Kaplan Biochemistry: Chapter 4 Carbohydrate Structure and Function Flashcards
pyranose
6 ring sugar
furanose
5 ring sugar
simplest aldose
glyceraldehyde
simplest ketose
dihydroxyacetone
is fructose a reducing sugar
it IS if it in its monomeric form. aldoses are the only type of reducing sugar and fructose is a ketose. however, it can tauteromerize to an aldose form if it is a monomer.
name
glucose
name
fructose
name
galactose
name
mannose
in a fischer projection how is D or L config determined?
if the last chiral carbon’s OH group faces RIGHT, it is a D configuration
horizontal lines on fischer = ___ of page
vertical lines on fischer = ____page
hOrizontal lines on fischer =OUT of page
vertical lines on fischer = INTO page
right on fischer = ___ on haworth
left on fischer = ____ on Haworth
right on fischer = DOWN on haworth
left on fischer = UP on haworth
when a sugar is in ring form, how can you tell if it is D or L configuration
the highest chircal carbon has R stereochemistry, then it is D
oxidizing an aldose yields a ___
lactone
which epimer configuration is least favored? Why?
alpha anomeric config is less favored because the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon is axial, adding to the steric strain of the molecule.
monomers that make up sucrose, lactose and maltose. which ones are reducing? non reducing?
sucose: glucose fructose –> nonreducing
lactose: glucose and galactose –> reducing
maltose: glucose and glucose –> reducing.
what linkages are seen in cellulose
beta glucoses linked by beta 1, 4, bonds
linkages of starch
alpha glucoses linked by 1,4, alphs glucose bonds
starch vs cellulose
they are both chains of glucose but starch has alpha linkages and cellulose has beta linkages.
what links are found in amylopectin?
1,6 glycosidic bonds
what bonds are found in glycogen?
alpha 1,6 branches
alpha 1,4 branches. y
