Kaplan Chemistry: Chapter 8 Gases Flashcards
STP vs Standard conditions
STP: 0 degrees C/ 273K, 1 atm
standard conditions: 25C/298K, 1 atm, 1 M concentrations.
CONDITIONS FOR AN IDEAL GAS
no INTERmolecular forces, no volume occupration for each molecule.
how does temperature affect the behavior of a gas
increasing temperature = more ideal behavior.
the volume of gas is dependent on:
ONLY on the number of MOLES of gas, NOT the identity of the gas.
molar mass of a gas at STP
22.4 L
Dalton’s Law of partial pressure
Pt= Pa + Pb + Pc
Pa= Xa(Pt)
where Xa = moles of gas A/total moles of gas.
relationship between solubility of gas and pressure
the solubility fo gas will increase with INCREASING PARTIAL pressure of the gas.
what is an elastic collision
when momentum and kinetic energy is conserved.
according to the Maxwell0Boltzman distribution curve, the bell shape curve flattens and shift to the right as the tempeature increases, indicating that at:
at HIGHER TEMPS, more molecules are moving at HIGHER speeds.
under constant temp (isothermal conditions) and constant pressure (isobaric conditions), the rates at which two gases diffuse are ___ ____ to the ___ ___ of their molar mass
under constant temp (isothermal conditions) and constant pressure (isobaric conditions), the rates at which two gases diffuse are INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to the SQUARE ROOTS of their molar mass
EFFUSION
when a gas moves through a small hole under pressure.
when do gases deviate from ideal behavior?
at high pressure, low volume, or low temp.
gases are more ideal at low pressure or high temp.
Grahams Law
under constant temp (isothermal conditions) and constant pressure (isobaric conditions), the rates at which two gases diffuse are INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL to the SQUARE ROOTS of their molar mass
(R1/R2)= √M2/√M1
